{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:09:32Z","timestamp":1788991772403,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":199,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine\/JCL"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007185","name":"University of California, Los Angeles","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008918","name":"Jean Perkins Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008918","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"},{"name":"Endowment for Craniofacial Biology","award":["R01 DE028098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DE028098"]}]},{"name":"Endowment for Craniofacial Biology","award":["R01 DE029234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DE029234"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Facial feminization surgery (FFS) incorporates aesthetic and craniofacial surgical principles and techniques to feminize masculine facial features and facilitate gender transitioning. A detailed understanding of the defining male and female facial characteristics is essential for success. In this first part of a two-part series, we discuss key aspects of the general preoperative consultation that should be considered when evaluating the prospective facial feminization patient. Assessment of the forehead, orbits, hairline, eyebrows, eyes, and nose and the associated procedures, including scalp advancement, supraorbital rim reduction, setback of the anterior table of the frontal sinus, rhinoplasty, and soft tissue modifications of the upper and midface are discussed. In the second part of this series, bony manipulation of the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty are discussed. Finally, a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS is provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2021.00199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T22:05:35Z","timestamp":1631743535000},"page":"503-510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Evaluation and treatment of facial feminization surgery: part I. forehead, orbits, eyebrows, eyes, and nose"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4401-1361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian N.","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 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C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2018.12.004","article-title":"Midfacial bony remodeling","volume":"27","author":"KC Lundgren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North 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