{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:12:18Z","timestamp":1789513938648,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":368,"publisher":"Harborside Press, LLC","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple myeloma is a malignant neoplasm of plasma cells that accumulate in bone marrow, leading to bone destruction and marrow failure. This manuscript discusses the management of patients with solitary plasmacytoma, smoldering multiple myeloma, and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2020.0057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T20:47:14Z","timestamp":1607374034000},"page":"1685-1717","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Multiple Myeloma, Version 3.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology"],"prefix":"10.6004","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shaji K.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Mayo Clinic Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie S.","family":"Callander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kehinde","family":"Adekola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer of Center Northwestern University;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4UT Southwestern Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhamed","family":"Baljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Campagnaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge J.","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Dana-Farber\/Brigham and Women\u2019s Cancer Center | Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital\/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Efebera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Faiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Case Comprehensive Cancer Center\/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Garfall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Godby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Hillengass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"14Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leona","family":"Holmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center\/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myo","family":"Htut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"16City of Hope National Medical Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol Ann","family":"Huff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"17The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"18Duke Cancer Institute;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Hultcrantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"19Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"20UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Liedtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"21Stanford Cancer Institute;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"22UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Omel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"23Patient Advocate;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Shain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"24Moffitt Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Sborov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"25Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Stockerl-Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"26Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"27The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"28National Comprehensive Cancer Network"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"28National Comprehensive Cancer Network"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4047","reference":[{"key":"ref1401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.331","article-title":"Early relapse after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation remains a poor prognostic factor in multiple myeloma but outcomes have improved over time","volume":"32","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-200011000-00003","article-title":"Early detection of bone marrow involvement in extramedullary plasmacytoma by whole-body F-18 FDG positron emission tomography","volume":"25","author":"Kato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref2081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.056176","article-title":"Report from the European Myeloma Network on interphase FISH in multiple myeloma and related disorders","volume":"97","author":"Ross","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71125-8","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: an open-label phase 1\/2 study","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref1221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611750","article-title":"Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone with transplantation for myeloma","volume":"376","author":"Attal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28104","article-title":"Autologous retransplantation for patients with recurrent multiple myeloma: a single-center experience with 200 patients","volume":"119","author":"Sellner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.39.6820","article-title":"Bortezomib induction and maintenance treatment in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the randomized phase III HOVON-65\/ GMMG-HD4 trial","volume":"30","author":"Sonneveld","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.675.675","article-title":"Final results of a phase 2 trial of extended treatment (tx) with carfilzomib (CFZ), lenalidomide (LEN), and dexamethasone (KRd) plus autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM)","volume":"128","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.327","article-title":"Phase 1\/2 study of weekly carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone in newly diagnosed transplant-ineligible myeloma","volume":"32","author":"Bringhen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref1891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(10)70009-8","article-title":"Management of treatment-related adverse events in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"36","author":"Mateos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"ref2781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.09.011","article-title":"All-oral ixazomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone for transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"106","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref3721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19425","article-title":"Effect of longer-interval vs standard dosing of zoledronic acid on skeletal events in patients with bone metastases: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"Himelstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V120.21.732.732","article-title":"Phase II clinical and correlative study of carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (CRd) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. [abstract]","volume":"120","author":"Korde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.26","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone induction for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: high response rates in a phase II clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Reeder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-120535","article-title":"Flow cytometric immunophenotyping for hematologic neoplasms","volume":"111","author":"Craig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.03.019","article-title":"High-resolution genomic profiles define distinct clinico-pathogenetic subgroups of multiple myeloma patients","volume":"9","author":"Carrasco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15806","article-title":"Daratumumab, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma: LYRA study","volume":"185","author":"Yimer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref2191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-005-0004-3","article-title":"Role of 18F-FDG PET\/CT in the assessment of bone involvement in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: preliminary results","volume":"33","author":"Nanni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref3071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e328","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30206-6","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref2671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.538.538","article-title":"Phase II clinical and correlative study of carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone followed by lenalidomide extended dosing (CRD-R) induces high rates of MRD negativity in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. [Abstract]","volume":"122","author":"Korde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26662","article-title":"Durable remission with salvage second autotransplants in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"118","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.11.037","article-title":"Multi-institutional analysis of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck treated with curative radiotherapy","volume":"82","author":"Sasaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31594-X","article-title":"Bortezomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma without intent for immediate autologous stem-cell transplant (SWOG S0777): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"389","author":"Durie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref1791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30072-X","article-title":"Denosumab versus zoledronic acid in bone disease treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an international, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"19","author":"Raje","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref2251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0018-y","article-title":"The multiple myelomas - current concepts in cytogenetic classification and therapy","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-118","article-title":"Prognostic factors in solitary plasmacytoma of the bone: a multicenter Rare Cancer Network study","volume":"6","author":"Knobel","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref3161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611750","article-title":"Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone with transplantation for myeloma","volume":"376","author":"Attal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21913","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management","volume":"86","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref2931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402551","article-title":"Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible patients with myeloma","volume":"371","author":"Benboubker","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.5807","article-title":"Standard chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemoradiotherapy for multiple myeloma: final results of phase III US Intergroup Trial S9321","volume":"24","author":"Barlogie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.10.2509","article-title":"Prospective, randomized study of single compared with double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: Bologna 96 clinical study","volume":"25","author":"Cavo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2911","first-page":"110","article-title":"Superiority of lenalidomide (Len) plus high-dose dexamethasone (HD) compared with HD alone as treatment of newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM): Results of the randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled SWOG Trial S0232. [abstract]","author":"Zonder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90127-7","article-title":"Hyperviscosity syndrome in multiple myeloma. A reversible, concentration-dependent aggregation of the myeloma protein","volume":"54","author":"Lindsley","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref2841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.540.540","article-title":"Lenalidomide combined with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone is effective and well tolerated induction treatment of newly diagnosed myeloma patients of all ages","volume":"122","author":"Pawlyn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.291","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT focal, but not osteolytic, lesions predict the progression of smoldering myeloma to active disease","volume":"30","author":"Zamagni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.067793","article-title":"Updated survival analysis of a randomized phase III study of subcutaneous versus intravenous bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma","volume":"97","author":"Arnulf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref2771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0106-3","article-title":"Phase 1\/2 trial of ixazomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated symptomatic multiple myeloma","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4468","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.4468.4468","article-title":"Findings of whole body computed tomography compared with conventional skeletal survey in patients with monoclonal plasma cell disorders - a Study of the International Myeloma Working Group","volume":"128","author":"Hillengass","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00685","article-title":"Autologous transplantation, consolidation, and maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma: results of the BMT CTN 0702 Trial","volume":"37","author":"Stadtmauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0077-4","article-title":"Risk stratification of smoldering multiple myeloma incorporating revised IMWG diagnostic criteria","volume":"8","author":"Lakshman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"ref1211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-408898","article-title":"Bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone is superior to thalidomide-dexamethasone as consolidation therapy after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"120","author":"Cavo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30072-X","article-title":"Denosumab versus zoledronic acid in bone disease treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an international, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"19","author":"Raje","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref1151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022340","article-title":"High-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for multiple myeloma","volume":"348","author":"Child","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190903085936","article-title":"Toxicity of a second autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant in patients with relapsed or recurrent multiple myeloma","volume":"50","author":"Burzynski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070389","article-title":"Clinical course and prognosis of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma","volume":"356","author":"Kyle","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705393","article-title":"Prognostic factors for donor lymphocyte infusions following non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma","volume":"37","author":"van de Donk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref2551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-268862","article-title":"Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combination therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"116","author":"Richardson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V120.21.732.732","article-title":"Phase II clinical and correlative study of carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (CRd) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. [abstract]","volume":"120","author":"Korde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0106-3","article-title":"Phase 1\/2 trial of ixazomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated symptomatic multiple myeloma","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"ref1591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.46.2119","article-title":"Minimal residual disease assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry in multiple myeloma: impact on outcome in the Medical Research Council Myeloma IX Study","volume":"31","author":"Rawstron","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702685","article-title":"Donor leukocyte infusions for multiple myeloma","volume":"26","author":"Salama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref1731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06230.x","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma: a single-centre experience in 303 patients","volume":"134","author":"Zervas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref2951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114083","article-title":"Lenalidomide after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma","volume":"366","author":"McCarthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3041","first-page":"118","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of three bortezomib-based combinations in elderly, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: Results from all randomized patients in the community-based, phase 3b UPFRONT study. [abstract]","volume":"\u2022\u2022\u2022","author":"Niesvizky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402551","article-title":"Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible patients with myeloma","volume":"371","author":"Benboubker","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.09.019","article-title":"Radiotherapy for solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the head-and-neck region: A dose greater than 45 Gy to the target volume improves the local control","volume":"64","author":"Tournier-Rangeard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref3461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4362","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3862","article-title":"The occurrence of graft-versus-host disease is the major predictive factor for response to donor lymphocyte infusions in multiple myeloma","volume":"103","author":"Lokhorst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1951","article-title":"Fact SEER Myeloma http seer cancer gov statfacts html mulmy html Accessed on th","volume":"20","author":"Sheets","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat October"},{"key":"ref2691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020005288","article-title":"Daratumumab, lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: the GRIFFIN trial","volume":"136","author":"Voorhees","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90127-7","article-title":"Hyperviscosity syndrome in multiple myeloma. A reversible, concentration-dependent aggregation of the myeloma protein","volume":"54","author":"Lindsley","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref3181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.10.2509","article-title":"Prospective, randomized study of single compared with double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: Bologna 96 clinical study","volume":"25","author":"Cavo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(10)70009-8","article-title":"Management of treatment-related adverse events in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"36","author":"Mateos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"ref2371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(89)90008-4","article-title":"Solitary plasmacytoma of bone: Mayo Clinic experience","volume":"16","author":"Frassica","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.056176","article-title":"Report from the European Myeloma Network on interphase FISH in multiple myeloma and related disorders","volume":"97","author":"Ross","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1992.10.4.587","article-title":"Curability of solitary bone plasmacytoma","volume":"10","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(89)90008-4","article-title":"Solitary plasmacytoma of bone: Mayo Clinic experience","volume":"16","author":"Frassica","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-268862","article-title":"Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combination therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"116","author":"Richardson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.66.7295","article-title":"Updated outcomes and impact of age with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone or melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide in the randomized, phase III FIRST trial","volume":"34","author":"Hulin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032290","article-title":"Single versus double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma","volume":"349","author":"Attal","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.3.1196.bloodjournal8731196","article-title":"Graft-versus-myeloma effect: proof of principle","volume":"87","author":"Tricot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2405062","article-title":"Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma","volume":"22","author":"Palumbo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref2461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300439","article-title":"Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"369","author":"Mateos","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06639.x","article-title":"Incorporating bortezomib into upfront treatment for multiple myeloma: early results of total therapy 3","volume":"138","author":"Barlogie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref1271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.6081","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of autotransplantation trials for multiple myeloma: update of protocols conducted by the intergroupe francophone du myelome, southwest oncology group, and university of arkansas for medical sciences","volume":"28","author":"Barlogie","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1983.1.4.255","article-title":"Comparison of extramedullary plasmacytomas with solitary and multiple plasma cell tumors of bone","volume":"1","author":"Knowling","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5751","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V124.21.5751.5751","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (CyBORD) is a feasible and active regimen for non-transplant eligible multiple myeloma patients [Abstract}","volume":"124","author":"Zepeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402888","article-title":"Autologous transplantation and maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma","volume":"371","author":"Palumbo","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.948.948","article-title":"Intensive versus double intensive therapy in untreated multiple myeloma: Updated analysis of the randomized phase III study HOVON 24 MM. [abstract]","volume":"104","author":"Sonneveld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bjh.16793","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16793","article-title":"Early relapse after high-dose melphalan autologous stem cell transplant predicts inferior survival and is associated with high disease burden and genetically high-risk disease in multiple myeloma","author":"Bygrave","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01740","article-title":"Randomized Trial of Lenalidomide Versus Observation in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma","volume":"38","author":"Lonial","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01740","article-title":"Randomized Trial of Lenalidomide Versus Observation in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma","volume":"38","author":"Lonial","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2531","first-page":"025","article-title":"Safety Accessed November Available at https www accessdata fda gov drugsatfda docs label lbl pdf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"ref1771","first-page":"CD003188","article-title":"Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma: a network meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Mhaskar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref1191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402888","article-title":"Autologous transplantation and maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma","volume":"371","author":"Palumbo","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13994","article-title":"Single versus tandem high-dose melphalan followed by autologous blood stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: long-term results from the phase III GMMG-HD2 trial","volume":"173","author":"Mai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref3761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-003-0477-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ibandronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a randomized multicentric comparison to pamidronate","volume":"11","author":"Pecherstorfer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref771","first-page":"347","article-title":"Ixazomib Plus LenalidomideDexamethasone vs PlaceboRd for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients Not Eligible for Autologous Stem The Double - Blind Placebo Controlled Phase TOURMALINE MM Trial Abstract Abstract MM presented at Society of Hematologic","author":"FaconT","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Transplant Oncology"},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25143","article-title":"Bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction therapy for patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma: a retrospective study","volume":"116","author":"Kaufman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref3611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw606","article-title":"Second primary malignancies in multiple myeloma: an overview and IMWG consensus","volume":"28","author":"Musto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref2721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.39.6820","article-title":"Bortezomib induction and maintenance treatment in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the randomized phase III HOVON-65\/ GMMG-HD4 trial","volume":"30","author":"Sonneveld","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-001-0711-3","article-title":"Initial results in the assessment of multiple myeloma using 18F-FDG PET","volume":"29","author":"Schirrmeister","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref2111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05673.x","article-title":"Comparative genomic hybridisation identifies two variants of smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"130","author":"Rosi\u00f1ol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e364","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2015.87","article-title":"Positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the diagnostic evaluation of smoldering multiple myeloma: identification of patients needing therapy","volume":"5","author":"Siontis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"ref1691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)33003-4","article-title":"Oral ixazomib maintenance following autologous stem cell transplantation (TOURMALINE-MM3): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"393","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e538","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70442-5","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma","volume":"15","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref2021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-119123","article-title":"An analysis of the clinical and biologic significance of TP53 loss and the identification of potential novel transcriptional targets of TP53 in multiple myeloma","volume":"112","author":"Xiong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0077-4","article-title":"Risk stratification of smoldering multiple myeloma incorporating revised IMWG diagnostic criteria","volume":"8","author":"Lakshman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"ref2181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3109\/07357907.2013.764565","article-title":"Multiple myeloma lesion detection with whole body CT versus radiographic skeletal survey","volume":"31","author":"Princewill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Invest"},{"key":"ref2541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e370","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30070-3","article-title":"Subcutaneous versus intravenous daratumumab in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (COLUMBA): a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"7","author":"Mateos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3109\/07357907.2013.764565","article-title":"Multiple myeloma lesion detection with whole body CT versus radiographic skeletal survey","volume":"31","author":"Princewill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Invest"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.538.538","article-title":"Phase II clinical and correlative study of carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone followed by lenalidomide extended dosing (CRD-R) induces high rates of MRD negativity in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. [Abstract]","volume":"122","author":"Korde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.133629","article-title":"Impact of renal impairment on outcomes with lenalidomide and dexamethasone treatment in the FIRST trial, a randomized, open-label phase 3 trial in transplant-ineligible patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"101","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref3351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.10.014","article-title":"Early relapse after autologous transplant is associated with very poor survival and identifies an ultra-high-risk group of patients with myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Kastritis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8516","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.8516","article-title":"Bortezomib, IV cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (VelCD) as induction therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Results of an interim analysis of the German DSMM Xia trial","volume":"27","author":"Knop","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e415","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.146092","article-title":"Baseline bone involvement in multiple myeloma - a prospective comparison of conventional X-ray, low-dose computed tomography, and 18flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in previously untreated patients","volume":"101","author":"Hinge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref1031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70609-0","article-title":"Second primary malignancies with lenalidomide therapy for newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"15","author":"Palumbo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15261","article-title":"A phase 2 study of modified lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma","volume":"182","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref1931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043445","article-title":"Bortezomib or high-dose dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma","volume":"352","author":"Richardson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.26","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone induction for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: high response rates in a phase II clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Reeder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref3101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.5807","article-title":"Standard chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemoradiotherapy for multiple myeloma: final results of phase III US Intergroup Trial S9321","volume":"24","author":"Barlogie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-408898","article-title":"Bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone is superior to thalidomide-dexamethasone as consolidation therapy after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"120","author":"Cavo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(03)01077-5","article-title":"Management of multiple myeloma: a systematic review and critical appraisal of published studies","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref3561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.6679","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance after autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"McCarthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.110395","article-title":"Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and low-dose dexamethasone in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"99","author":"Dytfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref3621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4647","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-11-464503","article-title":"Bortezomib consolidation after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: a Nordic Myeloma Study Group randomized phase 3 trial","volume":"121","author":"Mellqvist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.03.019","article-title":"High-resolution genomic profiles define distinct clinico-pathogenetic subgroups of multiple myeloma patients","volume":"9","author":"Carrasco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref2741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.327","article-title":"Phase 1\/2 study of weekly carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone in newly diagnosed transplant-ineligible myeloma","volume":"32","author":"Bringhen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref3171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032290","article-title":"Single versus double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma","volume":"349","author":"Attal","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.133629","article-title":"Impact of renal impairment on outcomes with lenalidomide and dexamethasone treatment in the FIRST trial, a randomized, open-label phase 3 trial in transplant-ineligible patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"101","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref1441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.10.044","article-title":"Second autologous stem cell transplantation as salvage therapy for multiple myeloma: impact on progression-free and overall survival","volume":"18","author":"Jimenez-Zepeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-008-0470-7","article-title":"\u2018Light-chain escape-multiple myeloma\u2019-an escape phenomenon from plateau phase: report of the largest patient series using LC-monitoring","volume":"135","author":"K\u00fchnemund","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817249","article-title":"Daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone for untreated myeloma","volume":"380","author":"Facon","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199006143222402","article-title":"Erythropoietin treatment of anemia associated with multiple myeloma","volume":"322","author":"Ludwig","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2010.01510.x","article-title":"Depth of response assessed by quantitative ASO-PCR predicts the outcome after stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma","volume":"85","author":"Putkonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref391","first-page":"101","article-title":"Radiotherapy in the management of plasma cell tumors discussion","volume":"14","author":"YahalomJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref2291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.2267","article-title":"Revised International Staging System for Multiple Myeloma: A Report From International Myeloma Working Group","volume":"33","author":"Palumbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30124-3","article-title":"Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone versus observation in patients with high-risk smouldering multiple myeloma (QuiRedex): long-term follow-up of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"17","author":"Mateos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0738-3","article-title":"Comparison of whole-body 64-slice multidetector computed tomography and conventional radiography in staging of multiple myeloma","volume":"18","author":"Kr\u00f6pil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.2267","article-title":"Revised International Staging System for Multiple Myeloma: A Report From International Myeloma Working Group","volume":"33","author":"Palumbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.067793","article-title":"Updated survival analysis of a randomized phase III study of subcutaneous versus intravenous bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma","volume":"97","author":"Arnulf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0018-y","article-title":"The multiple myelomas - current concepts in cytogenetic classification and therapy","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-348292","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance after nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma is not feasible: results of the HOVON 76 Trial","volume":"118","author":"Kneppers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.66.7295","article-title":"Updated outcomes and impact of age with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone or melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide in the randomized, phase III FIRST trial","volume":"34","author":"Hulin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1281","first-page":"0702","article-title":"Comparison of autologous hematopoietic cell transplant autoHCT bortezomib lenalidomide and dexamethasone consolidation with Len maintenance tandem auto - HCT with Len maintenance and AutoHCT with Len maintenance for up - front treatment of patients with","author":"StadtmauerA","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref2261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e538","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70442-5","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma","volume":"15","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref2071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.016329","article-title":"The t(14;20) is a poor prognostic factor in myeloma but is associated with long-term stable disease in monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance","volume":"95","author":"Ross","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref3641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.2.593","article-title":"Long-term pamidronate treatment of advanced multiple myeloma patients reduces skeletal events","volume":"16","author":"Berenson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70081-X","article-title":"Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority study","volume":"12","author":"Moreau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref1481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(03)01077-5","article-title":"Management of multiple myeloma: a systematic review and critical appraisal of published studies","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref2011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.009100","article-title":"Multiparameter flow cytometry quantification of bone marrow plasma cells at diagnosis provides more prognostic information than morphological assessment in myeloma patients","volume":"94","author":"Paiva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref2761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2017.05.009","article-title":"A multicenter, open-label, phase 1b study of carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (CHAMPION-2)","volume":"17","author":"Boccia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"ref3321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2008.180","article-title":"Impact of early relapse after auto-SCT for multiple myeloma","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e415","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.146092","article-title":"Baseline bone involvement in multiple myeloma - a prospective comparison of conventional X-ray, low-dose computed tomography, and 18flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in previously untreated patients","volume":"101","author":"Hinge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref1581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4017","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-159624","article-title":"Multiparameter flow cytometric remission is the most relevant prognostic factor for multiple myeloma patients who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation","volume":"112","author":"Paiva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-200011000-00003","article-title":"Early detection of bone marrow involvement in extramedullary plasmacytoma by whole-body F-18 FDG positron emission tomography","volume":"25","author":"Kato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref2881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15261","article-title":"A phase 2 study of modified lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma","volume":"182","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.06.039","article-title":"Outcomes and patterns of failure in solitary plasmacytoma: a multicenter Rare Cancer Network study of 258 patients","volume":"64","author":"Ozsahin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref1011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114083","article-title":"Lenalidomide after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma","volume":"366","author":"McCarthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.2.558","article-title":"Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a pooled analysis of two randomized, controlled clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Major","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-001-0711-3","article-title":"Initial results in the assessment of multiple myeloma using 18F-FDG PET","volume":"29","author":"Schirrmeister","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4468","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26031","article-title":"Solitary plasmacytomas: outcome and prognostic factors after definitive radiation therapy","volume":"117","author":"Reed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300439","article-title":"Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"369","author":"Mateos","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350204","article-title":"A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Fran\u00e7ais du My\u00e9lome","volume":"335","author":"Attal","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043445","article-title":"Bortezomib or high-dose dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma","volume":"352","author":"Richardson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702685","article-title":"Donor leukocyte infusions for multiple myeloma","volume":"26","author":"Salama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref2201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e364","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2015.87","article-title":"Positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the diagnostic evaluation of smoldering multiple myeloma: identification of patients needing therapy","volume":"5","author":"Siontis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"ref2131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0603","article-title":"Management of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma: updated Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) consensus guidelines","volume":"84","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref591","first-page":"025","article-title":"Safety Accessed November Available at https www accessdata fda gov drugsatfda docs label lbl pdf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"ref931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06639.x","article-title":"Incorporating bortezomib into upfront treatment for multiple myeloma: early results of total therapy 3","volume":"138","author":"Barlogie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.393.393","article-title":"Bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTD) is superior to bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (VCD) prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with de novo multiple myeloma. Results of the prospective IFM 2013-04 trial","volume":"126","author":"Moreau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.393.393","article-title":"Bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTD) is superior to bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (VCD) prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with de novo multiple myeloma. Results of the prospective IFM 2013-04 trial","volume":"126","author":"Moreau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.307","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for serum-free light chain analysis in multiple myeloma and related disorders","volume":"23","author":"Dispenzieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref1811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-7754(01)90261-1","article-title":"Zoledronic acid in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: results of the international clinical development program","volume":"28","author":"Major","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1341","first-page":"141","article-title":"The role of second autografts in the management of myeloma at first relapse","volume":"91","author":"Alvares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref3521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4017","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-159624","article-title":"Multiparameter flow cytometric remission is the most relevant prognostic factor for multiple myeloma patients who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation","volume":"112","author":"Paiva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.3.802","article-title":"Presence of a p53 gene deletion in patients with multiple myeloma predicts for short survival after conventional-dose chemotherapy","volume":"92","author":"Drach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00685","article-title":"Autologous transplantation, consolidation, and maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma: results of the BMT CTN 0702 Trial","volume":"37","author":"Stadtmauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)33003-4","article-title":"Oral ixazomib maintenance following autologous stem cell transplantation (TOURMALINE-MM3): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"393","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.3.1196.bloodjournal8731196","article-title":"Graft-versus-myeloma effect: proof of principle","volume":"87","author":"Tricot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.16.3031","article-title":"Donor lymphocyte infusions for relapsed multiple myeloma after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: predictive factors for response and long-term outcome","volume":"18","author":"Lokhorst","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.242","article-title":"International staging system for multiple myeloma","volume":"23","author":"Greipp","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31240-1","article-title":"Bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone with or without daratumumab before and after autologous stem-cell transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (CASSIOPEIA): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study","volume":"394","author":"Moreau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70284-0","article-title":"Lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone as initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an open-label randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref1381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2008.180","article-title":"Impact of early relapse after auto-SCT for multiple myeloma","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref3711","first-page":"CD003188","article-title":"Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma: a network meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Mhaskar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref3191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.948.948","article-title":"Intensive versus double intensive therapy in untreated multiple myeloma: Updated analysis of the randomized phase III study HOVON 24 MM. [abstract]","volume":"104","author":"Sonneveld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4621","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.9158","article-title":"Bortezomib plus dexamethasone is superior to vincristine plus doxorubicin plus dexamethasone as induction treatment prior to autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the IFM 2005-01 phase III trial","volume":"28","author":"Harousseau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404284","article-title":"International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Durie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2017.05.009","article-title":"A multicenter, open-label, phase 1b study of carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (CHAMPION-2)","volume":"17","author":"Boccia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"ref3671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06230.x","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma: a single-centre experience in 303 patients","volume":"134","author":"Zervas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref3601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.407.407","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"122","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20625","article-title":"Efficacy of prophylactic warfarin for prevention of thalidomide-related deep venous thrombosis","volume":"81","author":"Ikhlaque","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref3121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9227","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.0551","article-title":"High-dose therapy and autologous blood stem-cell transplantation compared with conventional treatment in myeloma patients aged 55 to 65 years: long-term results of a randomized control trial from the Group Myelome-Autogreffe","volume":"23","author":"Fermand","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-019778","article-title":"Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone in elderly untreated patients with multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter phase 1\/2 study","volume":"108","author":"Mateos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.04.077","article-title":"Radiotherapy for extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck","volume":"73","author":"Creach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref1741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62051-X","article-title":"First-line treatment with zoledronic acid as compared with clodronic acid in multiple myeloma (MRC Myeloma IX): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3281","first-page":"141","article-title":"The role of second autografts in the management of myeloma at first relapse","volume":"91","author":"Alvares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref3031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.7618","article-title":"Community-based phase IIIB trial of three UPFRONT bortezomib-based myeloma regimens","volume":"33","author":"Niesvizky","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1101","first-page":"118","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of three bortezomib-based combinations in elderly, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: Results from all randomized patients in the community-based, phase 3b UPFRONT study. [abstract]","volume":"\u2022\u2022\u2022","author":"Niesvizky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19425","article-title":"Effect of longer-interval vs standard dosing of zoledronic acid on skeletal events in patients with bone metastases: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"Himelstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref3061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.48.7934","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group consensus statement for the management, treatment, and supportive care of patients with myeloma not eligible for standard autologous stem-cell transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Palumbo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.009100","article-title":"Multiparameter flow cytometry quantification of bone marrow plasma cells at diagnosis provides more prognostic information than morphological assessment in myeloma patients","volume":"94","author":"Paiva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-408922","article-title":"Superiority of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (VTD) as induction pretransplantation therapy in multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 3 PETHEMA\/GEM study","volume":"120","author":"Rosi\u00f1ol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e340","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)30049-7","article-title":"The effect of salvage autologous stem-cell transplantation on overall survival in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (final results from BSBMT\/UKMF Myeloma X Relapse [Intensive]): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"3","author":"Cook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.3.802","article-title":"Presence of a p53 gene deletion in patients with multiple myeloma predicts for short survival after conventional-dose chemotherapy","volume":"92","author":"Drach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bjh.16793","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16793","article-title":"Early relapse after high-dose melphalan autologous stem cell transplant predicts inferior survival and is associated with high disease burden and genetically high-risk disease in multiple myeloma","author":"Bygrave","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref3701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6030","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-3211","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of MRC Myeloma IX trial: survival outcomes with bisphosphonate and thalidomide treatment","volume":"19","author":"Morgan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref2581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31594-X","article-title":"Bortezomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma without intent for immediate autologous stem-cell transplant (SWOG S0777): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"389","author":"Durie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.04.077","article-title":"Radiotherapy for extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck","volume":"73","author":"Creach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref1071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.2010","article-title":"Treatment with carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone with lenalidomide extension in patients with smoldering or newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"1","author":"Korde","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.75","article-title":"Predictive value of longitudinal whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"28","author":"Merz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref2491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8000","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.8000","article-title":"Updated risk stratification model for smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) incorporating the revised IMWG diagnostic criteria","volume":"37","author":"San Miguel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.2010","article-title":"Treatment with carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone with lenalidomide extension in patients with smoldering or newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"1","author":"Korde","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref1621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.6679","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance after autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"McCarthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1992.10.4.587","article-title":"Curability of solitary bone plasmacytoma","volume":"10","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.06.039","article-title":"Outcomes and patterns of failure in solitary plasmacytoma: a multicenter Rare Cancer Network study of 258 patients","volume":"64","author":"Ozsahin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref1351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.575967","article-title":"Predictive factors for successful salvage high-dose therapy in patients with multiple myeloma relapsing after autologous blood stem cell transplantation","volume":"52","author":"Fenk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref1651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112704","article-title":"Continuous lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"366","author":"Palumbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e328","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30206-6","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref3371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2013.773998","article-title":"Salvage autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma relapsing or progressing after up-front autologous transplantation","volume":"54","author":"Auner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref1091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.7618","article-title":"Community-based phase IIIB trial of three UPFRONT bortezomib-based myeloma regimens","volume":"33","author":"Niesvizky","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4468","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.4468.4468","article-title":"Findings of whole body computed tomography compared with conventional skeletal survey in patients with monoclonal plasma cell disorders - a Study of the International Myeloma Working Group","volume":"128","author":"Hillengass","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.016329","article-title":"The t(14;20) is a poor prognostic factor in myeloma but is associated with long-term stable disease in monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance","volume":"95","author":"Ross","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref501","first-page":"513","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT in myeloma with presumed solitary plasmocytoma of bone","volume":"22","author":"Nanni","year":"2008","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref1121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.48.7934","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group consensus statement for the management, treatment, and supportive care of patients with myeloma not eligible for standard autologous stem-cell transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Palumbo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-271676","article-title":"Once- versus twice-weekly bortezomib induction therapy with CyBorD in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"115","author":"Reeder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.4065\/80.12.1568","article-title":"The role of aspirin in the prevention of thrombotic complications of thalidomide and anthracycline-based chemotherapy for multiple myeloma","volume":"80","author":"Baz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-271676","article-title":"Once- versus twice-weekly bortezomib induction therapy with CyBorD in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"115","author":"Reeder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13349","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of modified bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone in transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"104","author":"Okazuka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref2281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.242","article-title":"International staging system for multiple myeloma","volume":"23","author":"Greipp","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.11.037","article-title":"Multi-institutional analysis of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck treated with curative radiotherapy","volume":"82","author":"Sasaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref3661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.2.558","article-title":"Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a pooled analysis of two randomized, controlled clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Major","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1471","first-page":"74","article-title":"High-dose therapy in multiple myeloma and primary amyloidosis: an overview","volume":"26","author":"Kyle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602223340802","article-title":"Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal events in patients with advanced multiple myeloma","volume":"334","author":"Berenson","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8000","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.8000","article-title":"Updated risk stratification model for smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) incorporating the revised IMWG diagnostic criteria","volume":"37","author":"San Miguel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1053\/bbmt.2003.50002","article-title":"The role of cytotoxic therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the therapy of multiple myeloma: an evidence-based review","volume":"9","author":"Hahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref2301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1983.1.4.255","article-title":"Comparison of extramedullary plasmacytomas with solitary and multiple plasma cell tumors of bone","volume":"1","author":"Knowling","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.110395","article-title":"Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and low-dose dexamethasone in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"99","author":"Dytfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref3411","first-page":"74","article-title":"High-dose therapy in multiple myeloma and primary amyloidosis: an overview","volume":"26","author":"Kyle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-119123","article-title":"An analysis of the clinical and biologic significance of TP53 loss and the identification of potential novel transcriptional targets of TP53 in multiple myeloma","volume":"112","author":"Xiong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-421883","article-title":"Second malignancies in total therapy 2 and 3 for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: influence of thalidomide and lenalidomide during maintenance","volume":"120","author":"Usmani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.16.3031","article-title":"Donor lymphocyte infusions for relapsed multiple myeloma after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: predictive factors for response and long-term outcome","volume":"18","author":"Lokhorst","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13349","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of modified bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone in transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"104","author":"Okazuka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref3781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199006143222402","article-title":"Erythropoietin treatment of anemia associated with multiple myeloma","volume":"322","author":"Ludwig","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8516","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.8516","article-title":"Bortezomib, IV cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (VelCD) as induction therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Results of an interim analysis of the German DSMM Xia trial","volume":"27","author":"Knop","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.04.014","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance for high-risk multiple myeloma after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Alsina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.5356","article-title":"Prognostic significance of focal lesions in whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma","volume":"28","author":"Hillengass","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30124-3","article-title":"Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone versus observation in patients with high-risk smouldering multiple myeloma (QuiRedex): long-term follow-up of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"17","author":"Mateos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref2051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1411","article-title":"Clinical implications of t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16.3;q32), and -17p13 in myeloma patients treated with high-dose therapy","volume":"106","author":"Gertz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12861","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw and renal safety in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Medical Research Council Myeloma IX Study results","volume":"166","author":"Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref1411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.10.014","article-title":"Early relapse after autologous transplant is associated with very poor survival and identifies an ultra-high-risk group of patients with myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Kastritis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"ref3591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112704","article-title":"Continuous lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"366","author":"Palumbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.12.3382.3382","article-title":"Plasma cell labeling index and beta 2-microglobulin predict survival independent of thymidine kinase and C-reactive protein in multiple myeloma","volume":"81","author":"Greipp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350204","article-title":"A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Fran\u00e7ais du My\u00e9lome","volume":"335","author":"Attal","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714678","article-title":"Daratumumab plus Bortezomib, Melphalan, and Prednisone for Untreated Myeloma","volume":"378","author":"Mateos","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020005288","article-title":"Daratumumab, lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: the GRIFFIN trial","volume":"136","author":"Voorhees","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.675.675","article-title":"Final results of a phase 2 trial of extended treatment (tx) with carfilzomib (CFZ), lenalidomide (LEN), and dexamethasone (KRd) plus autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM)","volume":"128","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2331","first-page":"101","article-title":"Radiotherapy in the management of plasma cell tumors discussion","volume":"14","author":"YahalomJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref3381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.10.044","article-title":"Second autologous stem cell transplantation as salvage therapy for multiple myeloma: impact on progression-free and overall survival","volume":"18","author":"Jimenez-Zepeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813481334","article-title":"Epidemiologic evidence of superior outcomes for extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck","volume":"148","author":"Gerry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref2751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.208272","article-title":"Once-weekly versus twice-weekly carfilzomib in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a pooled analysis of two phase I\/II studies","volume":"104","author":"Bringhen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref2941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114138","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma","volume":"366","author":"Attal","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref971","first-page":"110","article-title":"Superiority of lenalidomide (Len) plus high-dose dexamethasone (HD) compared with HD alone as treatment of newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM): Results of the randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled SWOG Trial S0232. [abstract]","author":"Zonder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.09.011","article-title":"All-oral ixazomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone for transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"106","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref2711","first-page":"347","article-title":"Ixazomib Plus LenalidomideDexamethasone vs PlaceboRd for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients Not Eligible for Autologous Stem The Double - Blind Placebo Controlled Phase TOURMALINE MM Trial Abstract Abstract MM presented at Society of Hematologic","author":"FaconT","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Transplant Oncology"},{"key":"ref2241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.12.3382.3382","article-title":"Plasma cell labeling index and beta 2-microglobulin predict survival independent of thymidine kinase and C-reactive protein in multiple myeloma","volume":"81","author":"Greipp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4621","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.9158","article-title":"Bortezomib plus dexamethasone is superior to vincristine plus doxorubicin plus dexamethasone as induction treatment prior to autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the IFM 2005-01 phase III trial","volume":"28","author":"Harousseau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1411","article-title":"Clinical implications of t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16.3;q32), and -17p13 in myeloma patients treated with high-dose therapy","volume":"106","author":"Gertz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.09.019","article-title":"Radiotherapy for solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the head-and-neck region: A dose greater than 45 Gy to the target volume improves the local control","volume":"64","author":"Tournier-Rangeard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref2231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.75","article-title":"Predictive value of longitudinal whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"28","author":"Merz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.291","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT focal, but not osteolytic, lesions predict the progression of smoldering myeloma to active disease","volume":"30","author":"Zamagni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref1971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.307","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for serum-free light chain analysis in multiple myeloma and related disorders","volume":"23","author":"Dispenzieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref1571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403252","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity of low-dose escalating donor lymphocyte infusion given after reduced intensity conditioning allograft for multiple myeloma","volume":"18","author":"Ayuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref1991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404284","article-title":"International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Durie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref3681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62051-X","article-title":"First-line treatment with zoledronic acid as compared with clodronic acid in multiple myeloma (MRC Myeloma IX): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref1261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13994","article-title":"Single versus tandem high-dose melphalan followed by autologous blood stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: long-term results from the phase III GMMG-HD2 trial","volume":"173","author":"Mai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref1821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-003-0477-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ibandronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a randomized multicentric comparison to pamidronate","volume":"11","author":"Pecherstorfer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref3091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022340","article-title":"High-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for multiple myeloma","volume":"348","author":"Child","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.089334","article-title":"Integrated safety profile of single-agent carfilzomib: experience from 526 patients enrolled in 4 phase II clinical studies","volume":"98","author":"Siegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref1431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2013.773998","article-title":"Salvage autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma relapsing or progressing after up-front autologous transplantation","volume":"54","author":"Auner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref1451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28104","article-title":"Autologous retransplantation for patients with recurrent multiple myeloma: a single-center experience with 200 patients","volume":"119","author":"Sellner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref1711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602223340802","article-title":"Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal events in patients with advanced multiple myeloma","volume":"334","author":"Berenson","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704670","article-title":"Donor lymphocyte infusions for multiple myeloma: clinical results and novel perspectives","volume":"34","author":"Zeiser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref3481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4206","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.10.4206","article-title":"Donor leukocyte infusions are effective in relapsed multiple myeloma after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"90","author":"Lokhorst","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.331","article-title":"Early relapse after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation remains a poor prognostic factor in multiple myeloma but outcomes have improved over time","volume":"32","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref2831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.22053","article-title":"Lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (CRd) for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results from a phase 2 trial","volume":"86","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref2861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15806","article-title":"Daratumumab, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma: LYRA study","volume":"185","author":"Yimer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref3541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2010.01510.x","article-title":"Depth of response assessed by quantitative ASO-PCR predicts the outcome after stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma","volume":"85","author":"Putkonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref2361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4468","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26031","article-title":"Solitary plasmacytomas: outcome and prognostic factors after definitive radiation therapy","volume":"117","author":"Reed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref2851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31240-1","article-title":"Bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone with or without daratumumab before and after autologous stem-cell transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (CASSIOPEIA): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study","volume":"394","author":"Moreau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-395749","article-title":"Randomized, multicenter, phase 2 study (EVOLUTION) of combinations of bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, and lenalidomide in previously untreated multiple myeloma","volume":"119","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4362","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3862","article-title":"The occurrence of graft-versus-host disease is the major predictive factor for response to donor lymphocyte infusions in multiple myeloma","volume":"103","author":"Lokhorst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e340","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)30049-7","article-title":"The effect of salvage autologous stem-cell transplantation on overall survival in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (final results from BSBMT\/UKMF Myeloma X Relapse [Intensive]): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"3","author":"Cook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"ref2441","first-page":"513","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT in myeloma with presumed solitary plasmocytoma of bone","volume":"22","author":"Nanni","year":"2008","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-120535","article-title":"Flow cytometric immunophenotyping for hematologic neoplasms","volume":"111","author":"Craig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0603","article-title":"Management of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma: updated Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) consensus guidelines","volume":"84","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref1311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.04.005","article-title":"Factors influencing the outcome of a second autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in relapsed multiple myeloma: a study from the British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry","volume":"17","author":"Cook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref2041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-040410","article-title":"Genetic abnormalities and survival in multiple myeloma: the experience of the Intergroupe Francophone du My\u00e9lome","volume":"109","author":"Avet-Loiseau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817249","article-title":"Daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone for untreated myeloma","volume":"380","author":"Facon","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705393","article-title":"Prognostic factors for donor lymphocyte infusions following non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma","volume":"37","author":"van de Donk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref3791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.7.2675.bloodjournal8772675","article-title":"Recombinant human erythropoietin in transfusion-dependent anemic patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma--a randomized multicenter study","volume":"87","author":"Osterborg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07421.x","article-title":"Plasmacytoma of bone, extramedullary plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma: incidence and survival in the United States, 1992-2004","volume":"144","author":"Dores","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref3861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-019778","article-title":"Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone in elderly untreated patients with multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter phase 1\/2 study","volume":"108","author":"Mateos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref3211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.6081","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of autotransplantation trials for multiple myeloma: update of protocols conducted by the intergroupe francophone du myelome, southwest oncology group, and university of arkansas for medical sciences","volume":"28","author":"Barlogie","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25143","article-title":"Bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction therapy for patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma: a retrospective study","volume":"116","author":"Kaufman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref3571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-348292","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance after nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma is not feasible: results of the HOVON 76 Trial","volume":"118","author":"Kneppers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-040410","article-title":"Genetic abnormalities and survival in multiple myeloma: the experience of the Intergroupe Francophone du My\u00e9lome","volume":"109","author":"Avet-Loiseau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2010.01465.x","article-title":"Improved survival of multiple myeloma patients with late relapse after high-dose treatment and stem cell support, a population-based study of 348 patients in Denmark in 1994-2004","volume":"85","author":"Vangsted","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref2171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0738-3","article-title":"Comparison of whole-body 64-slice multidetector computed tomography and conventional radiography in staging of multiple myeloma","volume":"18","author":"Kr\u00f6pil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref3811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20625","article-title":"Efficacy of prophylactic warfarin for prevention of thalidomide-related deep venous thrombosis","volume":"81","author":"Ikhlaque","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref1701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.2.593","article-title":"Long-term pamidronate treatment of advanced multiple myeloma patients reduces skeletal events","volume":"16","author":"Berenson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70609-0","article-title":"Second primary malignancies with lenalidomide therapy for newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"15","author":"Palumbo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.208272","article-title":"Once-weekly versus twice-weekly carfilzomib in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a pooled analysis of two phase I\/II studies","volume":"104","author":"Bringhen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref2731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-563759","article-title":"Carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a multicenter, phase 2 study","volume":"124","author":"Bringhen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4206","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.10.4206","article-title":"Donor leukocyte infusions are effective in relapsed multiple myeloma after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"90","author":"Lokhorst","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26662","article-title":"Durable remission with salvage second autotransplants in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"118","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref3551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e431","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(17)30140-0","article-title":"Updated analysis of CALGB (Alliance) 100104 assessing lenalidomide versus placebo maintenance after single autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial","volume":"4","author":"Holstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"ref3751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-7754(01)90261-1","article-title":"Zoledronic acid in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: results of the international clinical development program","volume":"28","author":"Major","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6030","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-3211","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of MRC Myeloma IX trial: survival outcomes with bisphosphonate and thalidomide treatment","volume":"19","author":"Morgan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref1961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4065\/78.1.21","article-title":"Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"78","author":"Kyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.540.540","article-title":"Lenalidomide combined with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone is effective and well tolerated induction treatment of newly diagnosed myeloma patients of all ages","volume":"122","author":"Pawlyn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e431","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(17)30140-0","article-title":"Updated analysis of CALGB (Alliance) 100104 assessing lenalidomide versus placebo maintenance after single autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial","volume":"4","author":"Holstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"ref1911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.9641","article-title":"Analysis of herpes zoster events among bortezomib-treated patients in the phase III APEX study","volume":"26","author":"Chanan-Khan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190903085936","article-title":"Toxicity of a second autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant in patients with relapsed or recurrent multiple myeloma","volume":"50","author":"Burzynski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref3511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403252","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity of low-dose escalating donor lymphocyte infusion given after reduced intensity conditioning allograft for multiple myeloma","volume":"18","author":"Ayuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e370","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30070-3","article-title":"Subcutaneous versus intravenous daratumumab in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (COLUMBA): a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"7","author":"Mateos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-563759","article-title":"Carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a multicenter, phase 2 study","volume":"124","author":"Bringhen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.02.010","article-title":"Utilization patterns of single fraction radiation therapy for multiple myeloma","volume":"19","author":"Resende Salgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"ref891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.22053","article-title":"Lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (CRd) for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results from a phase 2 trial","volume":"86","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref2811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-408922","article-title":"Superiority of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (VTD) as induction pretransplantation therapy in multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 3 PETHEMA\/GEM study","volume":"120","author":"Rosi\u00f1ol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.575967","article-title":"Predictive factors for successful salvage high-dose therapy in patients with multiple myeloma relapsing after autologous blood stem cell transplantation","volume":"52","author":"Fenk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref2511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70081-X","article-title":"Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority study","volume":"12","author":"Moreau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114138","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma","volume":"366","author":"Attal","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2008.334","article-title":"Second auto-SCT is safe and effective salvage therapy for relapsed multiple myeloma","volume":"43","author":"Olin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref3261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2008.334","article-title":"Second auto-SCT is safe and effective salvage therapy for relapsed multiple myeloma","volume":"43","author":"Olin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref1751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12861","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw and renal safety in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Medical Research Council Myeloma IX Study results","volume":"166","author":"Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Fact SEER Myeloma http seer cancer gov statfacts html mulmy html Accessed on th","volume":"20","author":"Sheets","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat October"},{"key":"ref961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5751","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V124.21.5751.5751","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (CyBORD) is a feasible and active regimen for non-transplant eligible multiple myeloma patients [Abstract}","volume":"124","author":"Zepeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.089334","article-title":"Integrated safety profile of single-agent carfilzomib: experience from 526 patients enrolled in 4 phase II clinical studies","volume":"98","author":"Siegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref3051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21913","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management","volume":"86","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref3331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2010.01465.x","article-title":"Improved survival of multiple myeloma patients with late relapse after high-dose treatment and stem cell support, a population-based study of 348 patients in Denmark in 1994-2004","volume":"85","author":"Vangsted","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05673.x","article-title":"Comparative genomic hybridisation identifies two variants of smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"130","author":"Rosi\u00f1ol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref2641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13004","article-title":"Long-term survival with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone induction therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"167","author":"Reeder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref2221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.5356","article-title":"Prognostic significance of focal lesions in whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma","volume":"28","author":"Hillengass","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070389","article-title":"Clinical course and prognosis of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma","volume":"356","author":"Kyle","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-008-0470-7","article-title":"\u2018Light-chain escape-multiple myeloma\u2019-an escape phenomenon from plateau phase: report of the largest patient series using LC-monitoring","volume":"135","author":"K\u00fchnemund","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.04.005","article-title":"Factors influencing the outcome of a second autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in relapsed multiple myeloma: a study from the British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry","volume":"17","author":"Cook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-422683","article-title":"A phase 1\/2 study of carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone as a frontline treatment for multiple myeloma","volume":"120","author":"Jakubowiak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.7.2675.bloodjournal8772675","article-title":"Recombinant human erythropoietin in transfusion-dependent anemic patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma--a randomized multicenter study","volume":"87","author":"Osterborg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9227","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.0551","article-title":"High-dose therapy and autologous blood stem-cell transplantation compared with conventional treatment in myeloma patients aged 55 to 65 years: long-term results of a randomized control trial from the Group Myelome-Autogreffe","volume":"23","author":"Fermand","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.4065\/80.12.1568","article-title":"The role of aspirin in the prevention of thrombotic complications of thalidomide and anthracycline-based chemotherapy for multiple myeloma","volume":"80","author":"Baz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref2411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813481334","article-title":"Epidemiologic evidence of superior outcomes for extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck","volume":"148","author":"Gerry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref2121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)61029-X","article-title":"Treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma based on Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-adapted Therapy (mSMART): consensus statement","volume":"82","author":"Dispenzieri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4065\/78.1.21","article-title":"Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"78","author":"Kyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13004","article-title":"Long-term survival with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone induction therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"167","author":"Reeder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref3431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1053\/bbmt.2003.50002","article-title":"The role of cytotoxic therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the therapy of multiple myeloma: an evidence-based review","volume":"9","author":"Hahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref3801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2405062","article-title":"Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma","volume":"22","author":"Palumbo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref2651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-422683","article-title":"A phase 1\/2 study of carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone as a frontline treatment for multiple myeloma","volume":"120","author":"Jakubowiak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.02.010","article-title":"Utilization patterns of single fraction radiation therapy for multiple myeloma","volume":"19","author":"Resende Salgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-395749","article-title":"Randomized, multicenter, phase 2 study (EVOLUTION) of combinations of bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, and lenalidomide in previously untreated multiple myeloma","volume":"119","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)61029-X","article-title":"Treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma based on Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-adapted Therapy (mSMART): consensus statement","volume":"82","author":"Dispenzieri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-005-0004-3","article-title":"Role of 18F-FDG PET\/CT in the assessment of bone involvement in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: preliminary results","volume":"33","author":"Nanni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref3851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.9641","article-title":"Analysis of herpes zoster events among bortezomib-treated patients in the phase III APEX study","volume":"26","author":"Chanan-Khan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-118","article-title":"Prognostic factors in solitary plasmacytoma of the bone: a multicenter Rare Cancer Network study","volume":"6","author":"Knobel","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref1501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704670","article-title":"Donor lymphocyte infusions for multiple myeloma: clinical results and novel perspectives","volume":"34","author":"Zeiser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref1641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.04.014","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance for high-risk multiple myeloma after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Alsina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref1661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.407.407","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"122","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07421.x","article-title":"Plasmacytoma of bone, extramedullary plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma: incidence and survival in the United States, 1992-2004","volume":"144","author":"Dores","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref1681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4647","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-11-464503","article-title":"Bortezomib consolidation after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: a Nordic Myeloma Study Group randomized phase 3 trial","volume":"121","author":"Mellqvist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70284-0","article-title":"Lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone as initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an open-label randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref2701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71125-8","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: an open-label phase 1\/2 study","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref1671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw606","article-title":"Second primary malignancies in multiple myeloma: an overview and IMWG consensus","volume":"28","author":"Musto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref3531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.46.2119","article-title":"Minimal residual disease assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry in multiple myeloma: impact on outcome in the Medical Research Council Myeloma IX Study","volume":"31","author":"Rawstron","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-421883","article-title":"Second malignancies in total therapy 2 and 3 for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: influence of thalidomide and lenalidomide during maintenance","volume":"120","author":"Usmani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref1081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714678","article-title":"Daratumumab plus Bortezomib, Melphalan, and Prednisone for Untreated Myeloma","volume":"378","author":"Mateos","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3221","first-page":"0702","article-title":"Comparison of autologous hematopoietic cell transplant autoHCT bortezomib lenalidomide and dexamethasone consolidation with Len maintenance tandem auto - HCT with Len maintenance and AutoHCT with Len maintenance for up - front treatment of patients with","author":"StadtmauerA","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/view\/journals\/jnccn\/18\/12\/article-p1685.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jnccn\/18\/12\/article-p1685.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T18:26:17Z","timestamp":1608315977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/view\/journals\/jnccn\/18\/12\/article-p1685.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":368,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2020.0057","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-1405","1540-1413"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-1405","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-1413","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}}}