{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:50:03Z","timestamp":1790110203546,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":248,"publisher":"Harborside Press, LLC","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The NCCN Guidelines for Wilms Tumor focus on the screening, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and management of Wilms tumor (WT, also known as nephroblastoma). WT is the most common primary renal tumor in children. Five-year survival is more than 90% for children with all stages of favorable histology WT who receive appropriate treatment. All patients with WT should be managed by a multidisciplinary team with experience in managing renal tumors; consulting a pediatric oncologist is strongly encouraged. Treatment of WT includes surgery, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (RT) if needed. Careful use of available therapies is necessary to maximize cure and minimize long-term toxicities. This article discusses the NCCN Guidelines recommendations for favorable histology WT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T16:01:54Z","timestamp":1629475314000},"page":"945-977","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma), Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology"],"prefix":"10.6004","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Balis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital\/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarke","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3City of Hope National Medical Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasreman","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Moffitt Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center\/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Hiniker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Stanford Cancer Institute;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Jasty-Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold","family":"Lovvorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"MacEwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Martinez-Agosto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13Dana-Farber\/Brigham and Women\u2019s Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin S.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"14Case Comprehensive Cancer Center\/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Ranalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center \u2013 James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"16The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Rokitka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"17Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth (Lisa)","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"18Duke Cancer Institute;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Vern-Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"19Mayo Clinic Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"20Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Walz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"21Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wickiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"22UT Southwestern Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Zapala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"23UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Berardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"24National Comprehensive Cancer Network."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"24National Comprehensive Cancer Network."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4047","reference":[{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.41.1165","article-title":"Clinicopathologic findings predictive of relapse in children with stage III favorable-histology Wilms tumor","volume":"31","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0710","article-title":"Surveillance recommendations for children with overgrowth syndromes and predisposition to Wilms tumors and hepatoblastoma","volume":"23","author":"Kalish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref771","first-page":"507","article-title":"Surgical complications after nephrectomy for Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"175","author":"Ritchey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(00)00749-3","article-title":"Surgical complications after primary nephrectomy for Wilms\u2019 tumor: report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group","volume":"192","author":"Ritchey","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"ref1541","first-page":"369","article-title":"Bilateral Wilms\u2019 tumor in trisomy 18 syndrome: case report and critical review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Sergi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"ref1831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19981002)79:4<268::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Nephrogenic rests and the pathogenesis of Wilms tumor: developmental and clinical considerations","volume":"79","author":"Beckwith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.05.036","article-title":"Cardiac-sparing whole lung IMRT in children with lung metastasis","volume":"85","author":"Kalapurakal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref2181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27450","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27450","article-title":"Impact of cyclophosphamide and etoposide on outcome of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney treated on the National Wilms Tumor Study-5 (NWTS-5)","volume":"66","author":"Seibel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3109\/15513815.2016.1139018","article-title":"Refining the diagnosis of congenital nephrotic syndrome on long-term stored tissue: c.1097G>A (p.(Arg366His)) WT1 mutation causing Denys Drash syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Hillen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fetal Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"ref1961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.12.026","article-title":"Improved survival with lymph node sampling in Wilms tumor","volume":"167","author":"Zhuge","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"ref871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.4344","article-title":"Risk of adverse health and social outcomes up to 50 years after Wilms tumor: the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001716","article-title":"Clinical outcome and biological predictors of relapse after nephrectomy only for very low-risk Wilms tumor: a report from Children\u2019s Oncology Group AREN0532","volume":"265","author":"Fernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150230","article-title":"Renal tumors of childhood: radiologic-pathologic correlation part 1. The 1st decade: from the Radiologic Pathology Archives","volume":"36","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606380","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.606380","article-title":"Wilms tumor in Sub-Saharan Africa: molecular and social determinants of a global pediatric health disparity","volume":"10","author":"Apple","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref1121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181c0e5d7","article-title":"Long-term outcomes for infants with very low risk Wilms tumor treated with surgery alone in National Wilms Tumor Study-5","volume":"251","author":"Shamberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref2141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7312","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.2799","article-title":"Loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 1p and 16q is an adverse prognostic factor in favorable-histology Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"23","author":"Grundy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1986.4.6.975","article-title":"Hyperdiploidy and chromosomal rearrangements define the anaplastic variant of Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"4","author":"Douglass","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-019-04432-2","article-title":"Imaging surveillance for children with predisposition to renal tumors","volume":"49","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref1231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31821266a0","article-title":"The management of synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"253","author":"Hamilton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref1761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2020.03.27","article-title":"Syndromic Wilms tumor: a review of predisposing conditions, surveillance and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"ref141","volume-title":"GeneReviews\u00ae.","author":"Dome","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000504","article-title":"p53, stem cell biology and childhood blastomas","volume":"31","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.10.2026","article-title":"Characteristics and outcome of children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Wilms\u2019 tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"18","author":"Porteus","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70408-5","article-title":"Cumulative alkylating agent exposure and semen parameters in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study","volume":"15","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref1261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950210305","article-title":"Epidemiology of Wilms tumor","volume":"21","author":"Breslow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref1811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-007-0677-9","article-title":"Imaging in unilateral Wilms tumour","volume":"38","author":"Brisse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref1081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.5888","article-title":"American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21267","article-title":"Treatment of Wilms tumor relapsing after initial treatment with vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"50","author":"Malogolowkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1053\/spsu.2001.24698","article-title":"Controversies in the management of Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"10","author":"Blakely","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref2291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01972","article-title":"Augmentation of therapy for combined loss of heterozygosity 1p and 16q in favorable histology Wilms tumor: a Children\u2019s Oncology Group AREN0532 and AREN0533 Study Report","volume":"37","author":"Dix","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31821266a0","article-title":"The management of synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"253","author":"Hamilton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"711","article-title":"Familial Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome and a second Wilms tumor locus both map to 11p15.5","volume":"44","author":"Koufos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950220402","article-title":"Radiotherapy in the SIOP (International Society of Pediatric Oncology) nephroblastoma studies: a review","volume":"22","author":"Jereb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref1771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.101295","article-title":"Surveillance for Wilms tumour in at-risk children: pragmatic recommendations for best practice","volume":"91","author":"Scott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref1201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70408-5","article-title":"Cumulative alkylating agent exposure and semen parameters in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study","volume":"15","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30186-9","article-title":"International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001-10: a population-based registry study","volume":"18","author":"Steliarova-Foucher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref1711","first-page":"1387","article-title":"Linkage of familial Wilms\u2019 tumor predisposition to chromosome 19 and a two-locus model for the etiology of familial tumors","volume":"58","author":"McDonald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2173146","article-title":"Wilms tumor locus on 11p13 defined by multiple CpG island-associated transcripts","volume":"250","author":"Bonetta","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref2371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181c0e5d7","article-title":"Long-term outcomes for infants with very low risk Wilms tumor treated with surgery alone in National Wilms Tumor Study-5","volume":"251","author":"Shamberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref1271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30186-9","article-title":"International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001-10: a population-based registry study","volume":"18","author":"Steliarova-Foucher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197608)38:2<633::AID-CNCR2820380203>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"The treatment of Wilms\u2019 tumor: results of the national Wilms\u2019 tumor study","volume":"38","author":"D\u2019Angio","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref1301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2012.01.006","article-title":"Challenge of pediatric oncology in Africa","volume":"21","author":"Hadley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref321","volume-title":"GeneReviews\u00ae.","author":"Russell","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27450","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27450","article-title":"Impact of cyclophosphamide and etoposide on outcome of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney treated on the National Wilms Tumor Study-5 (NWTS-5)","volume":"66","author":"Seibel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref1591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2006.00700.x","article-title":"Wilms\u2019 tumor and novel TRIM37 mutations in an Australian patient with mulibrey nanism","volume":"70","author":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"ref2171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.1.237","article-title":"Comparison between single-dose and divided-dose administration of dactinomycin and doxorubicin for patients with Wilms\u2019 tumor: a report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group","volume":"16","author":"Green","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28629","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28629","article-title":"Practice patterns and recommendations for pediatric image-guided radiotherapy: a Children\u2019s Oncology Group report","volume":"67","author":"Hua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.04.019","article-title":"Is adrenalectomy necessary during unilateral nephrectomy for Wilms Tumor? A report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"48","author":"Kieran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28908","article-title":"Breast cancer in female survivors of Wilms tumor: a report from the national Wilms tumor late effects study","volume":"120","author":"Lange","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref1161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02479","article-title":"Augmentation of therapy for combined loss of heterozygosity 1p and 16q in favorable histology Wilms tumor","volume":"38","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199902000-00019","article-title":"Surgery-related factors and local recurrence of Wilms tumor in National Wilms Tumor Study 4","volume":"229","author":"Shamberger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref1461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1053\/spsu.2001.24698","article-title":"Controversies in the management of Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"10","author":"Blakely","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"720","article-title":"Genetic linkage of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome to 11p15","volume":"44","author":"Ping","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref2351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"JCO1800076","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00076","article-title":"Impact of surveillance imaging modality on survival after recurrence in patients with favorable-histology Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"36","author":"Mullen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2173146","article-title":"Wilms tumor locus on 11p13 defined by multiple CpG island-associated transcripts","volume":"250","author":"Bonetta","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.12.026","article-title":"Improved survival with lymph node sampling in Wilms tumor","volume":"167","author":"Zhuge","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"ref1701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3940","article-title":"A Children\u2019s Oncology Group and TARGET initiative exploring the genetic landscape of Wilms tumor","volume":"49","author":"Gadd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30018-5","article-title":"Identification of new Wilms tumour predisposition genes: an exome sequencing study","volume":"3","author":"Mahamdallie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref1091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30293-6","article-title":"Relapse of Wilms\u2019 tumourand detection methods: a retrospective analysis of the 2001 Renal Tumour Study Group-International Society of Paediatric Oncology Wilms\u2019 tumour protocol database","volume":"19","author":"Brok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref1491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801119","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and obesity in the WAGR syndrome","volume":"359","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.08.034","article-title":"Cardiac-sparing whole lung IMRT in patients with pediatric tumors and lung metastasis: final report of a prospective multicenter clinical trial","volume":"103","author":"Kalapurakal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00534-9","article-title":"Late effects in children treated with radiation therapy for Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"46","author":"Paulino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.5941","article-title":"Local staging of Wilms\u2019 tumor\u2014computerized tomography correlation with histological findings","volume":"35","author":"Gow","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref2191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.12.004","article-title":"Bilateral Wilms\u2019 tumors with progressive or nonresponsive disease","volume":"41","author":"Shamberger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref461","first-page":"1387","article-title":"Linkage of familial Wilms\u2019 tumor predisposition to chromosome 19 and a two-locus model for the etiology of familial tumors","volume":"58","author":"McDonald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref2441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.04.100","article-title":"Risk of secondary leukemia after a solid tumor in childhood according to the dose of epipodophyllotoxins and anthracyclines: a case-control study by the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019Oncologie P\u00e9diatrique","volume":"21","author":"Le Deley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00182964","article-title":"Progress and controversies in modern treatment of Wilms\u2019 tumors","volume":"13","author":"Gutjahr","year":"1995","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1297-467","article-title":"Donor splice-site mutations in WT1 are responsible for Frasier syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Barbaux","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref1281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.1.49","article-title":"Ethnic variation in the incidence, diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of children with Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"86","author":"Breslow","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref1171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"JCO1800101","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00101","article-title":"Treatment of stage IV favorable histology Wilms tumor with lung metastases","volume":"36","author":"Green","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.12714","article-title":"Clinically relevant subsets identified by gene expression patterns support a revised ontogenic model of Wilms tumor: a Children\u2019s Oncology Group Study","volume":"14","author":"Gadd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref1931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1983.1.10.604","article-title":"Effectiveness of preoperative chemotherapy in Wilms\u2019 tumor: results of an International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) clinical trial","volume":"1","author":"Lemerle","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.868","article-title":"De novo nonsense mutations in ASXL1 cause Bohring-Opitz syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Hoischen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref2081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2015.05.029","article-title":"Current surgical standards of care in Wilms tumor","volume":"34","author":"Kieran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"369","article-title":"Bilateral Wilms\u2019 tumor in trisomy 18 syndrome: case report and critical review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Sergi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"429","article-title":"Epidemiological features of Wilms\u2019 tumor: results of the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"68","author":"Breslow","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref1791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2012.05.006","article-title":"Added value of abdominal cross-sectional imaging (CT or MRI) in staging of Wilms\u2019 tumours","volume":"68","author":"McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref1991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.73.7999","article-title":"Outcome and prognostic factors in stage III favorable-histology Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group Study AREN0532","volume":"36","author":"Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.1.49","article-title":"Ethnic variation in the incidence, diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of children with Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"86","author":"Breslow","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2018.07.005","article-title":"Cardiac-sparing whole lung intensity modulated radiation therapy in children with Wilms tumor: final report on technique and abdominal field matching to maximize normal tissue protection","volume":"9","author":"Kalapurakal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"1975","article-title":"SEER Bethesda MD National Institute Accessed Available athttps seer cancer gov csr","volume":"19","author":"HowladerN","journal-title":"Cancer Statistics Review Cancer"},{"key":"ref1901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28908","article-title":"Breast cancer in female survivors of Wilms tumor: a report from the national Wilms tumor late effects study","volume":"120","author":"Lange","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1983.1.10.604","article-title":"Effectiveness of preoperative chemotherapy in Wilms\u2019 tumor: results of an International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) clinical trial","volume":"1","author":"Lemerle","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.04.100","article-title":"Risk of secondary leukemia after a solid tumor in childhood according to the dose of epipodophyllotoxins and anthracyclines: a case-control study by the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019Oncologie P\u00e9diatrique","volume":"21","author":"Le Deley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950110202","article-title":"The association of aniridia and Wilms\u2019 tumor: methods of surveillance and diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Palmer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.08.034","article-title":"Cardiac-sparing whole lung IMRT in patients with pediatric tumors and lung metastasis: final report of a prospective multicenter clinical trial","volume":"103","author":"Kalapurakal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.09.005","article-title":"Update on Wilms tumor","volume":"54","author":"Aldrink","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref1511","first-page":"720","article-title":"Genetic linkage of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome to 11p15","volume":"44","author":"Ping","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref2091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.09.005","article-title":"Update on Wilms tumor","volume":"54","author":"Aldrink","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref1911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.8.1851","article-title":"Second malignant neoplasms following treatment for Wilm\u2019s tumor: a report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group","volume":"13","author":"Breslow","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3516","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32958","article-title":"Results of treatment for patients with multicentric or bilaterally predisposed unilateral Wilms tumor (AREN0534): a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"126","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b76f20","article-title":"Hepatic metastasis at diagnosis in patients with Wilms tumor is not an independent adverse prognostic factor for stage IV Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group\/National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"250","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.868","article-title":"De novo nonsense mutations in ASXL1 cause Bohring-Opitz syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Hoischen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01265","article-title":"Activity of vincristine and irinotecan in diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor and therapy outcomes of stage II to IV disease: results of the Children\u2019s Oncology Group AREN0321 study","volume":"38","author":"Daw","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20938","article-title":"Renin-induced hypertension in Wilms tumor patients","volume":"48","author":"Maas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref2101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.04.019","article-title":"Is adrenalectomy necessary during unilateral nephrectomy for Wilms Tumor? A report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"48","author":"Kieran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref2331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.5888","article-title":"American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.101295","article-title":"Surveillance for Wilms tumour in at-risk children: pragmatic recommendations for best practice","volume":"91","author":"Scott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.9031","article-title":"A review of the phenotypic variation due to the Denys-Drash syndrome-associated germline WT1 mutation R362X","volume":"19","author":"Heathcott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3940","article-title":"A Children\u2019s Oncology Group and TARGET initiative exploring the genetic landscape of Wilms tumor","volume":"49","author":"Gadd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref2011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(00)00749-3","article-title":"Surgical complications after primary nephrectomy for Wilms\u2019 tumor: report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group","volume":"192","author":"Ritchey","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"ref2061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1983.1.10.595","article-title":"SIOP (International Society of Paediatric Oncology) and the management of Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"1","author":"D\u2019Angio","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2006.00700.x","article-title":"Wilms\u2019 tumor and novel TRIM37 mutations in an Australian patient with mulibrey nanism","volume":"70","author":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"ref1751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.166","article-title":"Expert consensus document: clinical and molecular diagnosis, screening and management of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: an international consensus statement","volume":"14","author":"Brioude","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref1571","volume-title":"GeneReviews\u00ae.","author":"Russell","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1986.4.6.975","article-title":"Hyperdiploidy and chromosomal rearrangements define the anaplastic variant of Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"4","author":"Douglass","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00562","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"ref1351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.7852","article-title":"Treatment of anaplastic histology Wilms\u2019 tumor: results from the fifth National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"24","author":"Dome","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.14694\/EdBook_AM.2014.34.215","article-title":"Risk stratification for Wilms tumor: current approach and future directions","author":"Dome","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"key":"ref901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.12.3744","article-title":"Effect of duration of treatment on treatment outcome and cost of treatment for Wilms\u2019 tumor: a report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group","volume":"16","author":"Green","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23090","article-title":"Twenty-five year follow-up of childhood Wilms tumor: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"57","author":"Termuhlen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref2241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.05.036","article-title":"Cardiac-sparing whole lung IMRT in children with lung metastasis","volume":"85","author":"Kalapurakal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2017.8","article-title":"Bilateral Wilms tumour: a review of clinical and molecular features","volume":"19","author":"Charlton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"ref2111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199902000-00019","article-title":"Surgery-related factors and local recurrence of Wilms tumor in National Wilms Tumor Study 4","volume":"229","author":"Shamberger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref1481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(80)90056-4","article-title":"The aniridia-Wilms tumor association: the critical role of chromosome band 11p13","volume":"2","author":"Riccardi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"ref1381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b76f20","article-title":"Hepatic metastasis at diagnosis in patients with Wilms tumor is not an independent adverse prognostic factor for stage IV Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group\/National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"250","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref2281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.12.1583","article-title":"Health status of adult long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"290","author":"Hudson","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.1.237","article-title":"Comparison between single-dose and divided-dose administration of dactinomycin and doxorubicin for patients with Wilms\u2019 tumor: a report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group","volume":"16","author":"Green","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-007-0677-9","article-title":"Imaging in unilateral Wilms tumour","volume":"38","author":"Brisse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.05.053","article-title":"Bilateral Wilms\u2019 tumor with anaplasia: lessons from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"41","author":"Hamilton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref1661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1038\/343774a0","article-title":"Homozygous deletion in Wilms tumours of a zinc-finger gene identified by chromosome jumping","volume":"343","author":"Gessler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref1101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"JCO1800076","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00076","article-title":"Impact of surveillance imaging modality on survival after recurrence in patients with favorable-histology Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"36","author":"Mullen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.12.004","article-title":"Bilateral Wilms\u2019 tumors with progressive or nonresponsive disease","volume":"41","author":"Shamberger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref2471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.10.2026","article-title":"Characteristics and outcome of children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Wilms\u2019 tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"18","author":"Porteus","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.2.488","article-title":"Optimal duration of preoperative therapy in unilateral and nonmetastatic Wilms\u2019 tumor in children older than 6 months: results of the Ninth International Society of Pediatric Oncology Wilms\u2019 Tumor Trial and Study","volume":"19","author":"Tournade","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-911X(199611)27:5<394::AID-MPO1>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"An overview of the clinical and molecular genetics of Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"27","author":"Grundy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref1801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3138-2","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for abdominal staging of pediatric renal tumors: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"45","author":"Servaes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref2341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30293-6","article-title":"Relapse of Wilms\u2019 tumourand detection methods: a retrospective analysis of the 2001 Renal Tumour Study Group-International Society of Paediatric Oncology Wilms\u2019 tumour protocol database","volume":"19","author":"Brok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200202000-00002","article-title":"Recent advances in Wilms tumor genetics","volume":"14","author":"Dome","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911201)68:11<2345::AID-CNCR2820681103>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Prognostic factors in nonmetastatic, favorable histology Wilms\u2019 tumor. Results of the Third National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"68","author":"Breslow","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.01.046","article-title":"Intraoperative spillage of favorable histology Wilms tumor cells: influence of irradiation and chemotherapy regimens on abdominal recurrence. A report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"76","author":"Kalapurakal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref1861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.5941","article-title":"Local staging of Wilms\u2019 tumor\u2014computerized tomography correlation with histological findings","volume":"35","author":"Gow","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref2251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.01.110","article-title":"Timing of radiation therapy in pediatric Wilms tumor: a report from the National Cancer Database","volume":"101","author":"Stokes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref1341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.14694\/EdBook_AM.2014.34.215","article-title":"Risk stratification for Wilms tumor: current approach and future directions","author":"Dome","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3138-2","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for abdominal staging of pediatric renal tumors: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"45","author":"Servaes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3440","article-title":"Mutations in the transcriptional repressor REST predispose to Wilms tumor","volume":"47","author":"Mahamdallie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref1601","first-page":"429","article-title":"Epidemiological features of Wilms\u2019 tumor: results of the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"68","author":"Breslow","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref1651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00182964","article-title":"Progress and controversies in modern treatment of Wilms\u2019 tumors","volume":"13","author":"Gutjahr","year":"1995","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000176800.00994.3a","article-title":"End stage renal disease in patients with Wilms tumor: results from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group and the United States Renal Data System","volume":"174","author":"Breslow","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2016.09.003","article-title":"Wilms tumor: \u201cstate-of-the-art\u201d update, 2016","volume":"25","author":"Irtan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref1621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950110202","article-title":"The association of aniridia and Wilms\u2019 tumor: methods of surveillance and diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Palmer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref2121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.4344","article-title":"Risk of adverse health and social outcomes up to 50 years after Wilms tumor: the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.73.7999","article-title":"Outcome and prognostic factors in stage III favorable-histology Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group Study AREN0532","volume":"36","author":"Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000504","article-title":"p53, stem cell biology and childhood blastomas","volume":"31","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.41.1165","article-title":"Clinicopathologic findings predictive of relapse in children with stage III favorable-histology Wilms tumor","volume":"31","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-019-04432-2","article-title":"Imaging surveillance for children with predisposition to renal tumors","volume":"49","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref1361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01265","article-title":"Activity of vincristine and irinotecan in diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor and therapy outcomes of stage II to IV disease: results of the Children\u2019s Oncology Group AREN0321 study","volume":"38","author":"Daw","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.05.053","article-title":"Bilateral Wilms\u2019 tumor with anaplasia: lessons from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"41","author":"Hamilton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref1321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.66.1140","article-title":"Association of chromosome 1q gain with inferior survival in favorable-histology Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"34","author":"Gratias","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1071","article-title":"Germline mutations in DIS3L2 cause the Perlman syndrome of overgrowth and Wilms tumor susceptibility","volume":"44","author":"Astuti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197601)37:1<403::AID-CNCR2820370152>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Congenital anomalies in children with Wilms\u2019 tumor: a new survey","volume":"37","author":"Pendergrass","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref2021","first-page":"507","article-title":"Surgical complications after nephrectomy for Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"175","author":"Ritchey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref2431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28239","article-title":"Gain of 1q is associated with inferior event-free and overall survival in patients with favorable histology Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"119","author":"Gratias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23406","article-title":"The feasibility and outcome of nephron-sparing surgery for children with bilateral Wilms tumor. The St Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital experience: 1999-2006","volume":"112","author":"Davidoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref1291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606380","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.606380","article-title":"Wilms tumor in Sub-Saharan Africa: molecular and social determinants of a global pediatric health disparity","volume":"10","author":"Apple","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref1371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20938","article-title":"Renin-induced hypertension in Wilms tumor patients","volume":"48","author":"Maas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref1841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200202000-00002","article-title":"Recent advances in Wilms tumor genetics","volume":"14","author":"Dome","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"ref1011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00598-4","article-title":"Influence of radiation therapy delay on abdominal tumor recurrence in patients with favorable histology Wilms\u2019 tumor treated on NWTS-3 and NWTS-4: a report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group","volume":"57","author":"Kalapurakal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19981002)79:4<268::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Nephrogenic rests and the pathogenesis of Wilms tumor: developmental and clinical considerations","volume":"79","author":"Beckwith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref2271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(78)90035-4","article-title":"Radiation therapy of Wilms\u2019 tumor: results according to dose, field, post-operative timing and histology","volume":"4","author":"D\u2019Angio","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref2421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"JCO1800101","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00101","article-title":"Treatment of stage IV favorable histology Wilms tumor with lung metastases","volume":"36","author":"Green","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.8.1851","article-title":"Second malignant neoplasms following treatment for Wilm\u2019s tumor: a report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group","volume":"13","author":"Breslow","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.1276","article-title":"Revised International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) working classification of renal tumors of childhood","volume":"38","author":"Vujani\u0107","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.12714","article-title":"Clinically relevant subsets identified by gene expression patterns support a revised ontogenic model of Wilms tumor: a Children\u2019s Oncology Group Study","volume":"14","author":"Gadd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref1411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3109\/15513815.2016.1139018","article-title":"Refining the diagnosis of congenital nephrotic syndrome on long-term stored tissue: c.1097G>A (p.(Arg366His)) WT1 mutation causing Denys Drash syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Hillen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fetal Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"ref1781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150230","article-title":"Renal tumors of childhood: radiologic-pathologic correlation part 1. The 1st decade: from the Radiologic Pathology Archives","volume":"36","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref2231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2018.07.005","article-title":"Cardiac-sparing whole lung intensity modulated radiation therapy in children with Wilms tumor: final report on technique and abdominal field matching to maximize normal tissue protection","volume":"9","author":"Kalapurakal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"ref1631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2017.8","article-title":"Bilateral Wilms tumour: a review of clinical and molecular features","volume":"19","author":"Charlton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(80)90056-4","article-title":"The aniridia-Wilms tumor association: the critical role of chromosome band 11p13","volume":"2","author":"Riccardi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.07.026","article-title":"Standardizing lymph nodal sampling for Wilms tumor: a feasibility study with outcomes","volume":"55","author":"Qureshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23222","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic performance of CT for detection of tumor thrombus in children with Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"58","author":"Khanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref1031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.12.1583","article-title":"Health status of adult long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"290","author":"Hudson","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810501)47:9<2302::AID-CNCR2820470933>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"The treatment of Wilms\u2019 tumor: results of the Second National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"47","author":"D\u2019Angio","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref1981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911201)68:11<2345::AID-CNCR2820681103>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Prognostic factors in nonmetastatic, favorable histology Wilms\u2019 tumor. Results of the Third National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"68","author":"Breslow","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.66.1140","article-title":"Association of chromosome 1q gain with inferior survival in favorable-histology Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"34","author":"Gratias","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.1931","article-title":"Treatment of stage IV favorable histology Wilms tumor with lung metastases: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group AREN0533 Study","volume":"36","author":"Dix","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/336374a0","article-title":"Familial predisposition to Wilms\u2019 tumour does not map to the short arm of chromosome 11","volume":"336","author":"Grundy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref2161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.1931","article-title":"Treatment of stage IV favorable histology Wilms tumor with lung metastases: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group AREN0533 Study","volume":"36","author":"Dix","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01972","article-title":"Augmentation of therapy for combined loss of heterozygosity 1p and 16q in favorable histology Wilms tumor: a Children\u2019s Oncology Group AREN0532 and AREN0533 Study Report","volume":"37","author":"Dix","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1983.1.10.595","article-title":"SIOP (International Society of Paediatric Oncology) and the management of Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"1","author":"D\u2019Angio","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.1888","article-title":"Advances in Wilms tumor treatment and biology: progress through international collaboration","volume":"33","author":"Dome","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00562","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002356","article-title":"Results of the first prospective multi-institutional treatment study in children with bilateral Wilms tumor (AREN0534): a report From the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"266","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref1421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.9031","article-title":"A review of the phenotypic variation due to the Denys-Drash syndrome-associated germline WT1 mutation R362X","volume":"19","author":"Heathcott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"ref891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7312","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.2799","article-title":"Loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 1p and 16q is an adverse prognostic factor in favorable-histology Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"23","author":"Grundy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2012.05.006","article-title":"Added value of abdominal cross-sectional imaging (CT or MRI) in staging of Wilms\u2019 tumours","volume":"68","author":"McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000988","article-title":"New approaches to risk stratification for Wilms tumor","volume":"33","author":"Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"ref2041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23222","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic performance of CT for detection of tumor thrombus in children with Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"58","author":"Khanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref1951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.10.015","article-title":"Primary nephrectomy and intraoperative tumor spill: report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group (COG) renal tumors committee","volume":"48","author":"Gow","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref2361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001716","article-title":"Clinical outcome and biological predictors of relapse after nephrectomy only for very low-risk Wilms tumor: a report from Children\u2019s Oncology Group AREN0532","volume":"265","author":"Fernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref2071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197608)38:2<633::AID-CNCR2820380203>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"The treatment of Wilms\u2019 tumor: results of the national Wilms\u2019 tumor study","volume":"38","author":"D\u2019Angio","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref1251","first-page":"1975","article-title":"SEER Bethesda MD National Institute Accessed Available athttps seer cancer gov csr","volume":"19","author":"HowladerN","journal-title":"Cancer Statistics Review Cancer"},{"key":"ref2211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950220402","article-title":"Radiotherapy in the SIOP (International Society of Pediatric Oncology) nephroblastoma studies: a review","volume":"22","author":"Jereb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref1451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-911X(199611)27:5<394::AID-MPO1>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"An overview of the clinical and molecular genetics of Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"27","author":"Grundy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref1921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00534-9","article-title":"Late effects in children treated with radiation therapy for Wilms\u2019 tumor","volume":"46","author":"Paulino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2015.05.029","article-title":"Current surgical standards of care in Wilms tumor","volume":"34","author":"Kieran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2020.03.27","article-title":"Syndromic Wilms tumor: a review of predisposing conditions, surveillance and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"ref1391","volume-title":"GeneReviews\u00ae.","author":"Dome","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801119","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and obesity in the WAGR syndrome","volume":"359","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3440","article-title":"Mutations in the transcriptional repressor REST predispose to Wilms tumor","volume":"47","author":"Mahamdallie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref2031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23406","article-title":"The feasibility and outcome of nephron-sparing surgery for children with bilateral Wilms tumor. The St Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital experience: 1999-2006","volume":"112","author":"Davidoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref2051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.01.046","article-title":"Intraoperative spillage of favorable histology Wilms tumor cells: influence of irradiation and chemotherapy regimens on abdominal recurrence. A report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"76","author":"Kalapurakal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.2.488","article-title":"Optimal duration of preoperative therapy in unilateral and nonmetastatic Wilms\u2019 tumor in children older than 6 months: results of the Ninth International Society of Pediatric Oncology Wilms\u2019 Tumor Trial and Study","volume":"19","author":"Tournade","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1297-467","article-title":"Donor splice-site mutations in WT1 are responsible for Frasier syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Barbaux","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref2131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.05.100","article-title":"Biomarkers for Wilms tumor: a systematic review","volume":"196","author":"Cone","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref2411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02479","article-title":"Augmentation of therapy for combined loss of heterozygosity 1p and 16q in favorable histology Wilms tumor","volume":"38","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.1.91","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in patients less than 2 years of age with small, stage I, favorable-histology Wilms\u2019 tumors: a report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"11","author":"Green","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197601)37:1<403::AID-CNCR2820370152>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Congenital anomalies in children with Wilms\u2019 tumor: a new survey","volume":"37","author":"Pendergrass","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref2311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20822","article-title":"Treatment of Wilms tumor relapsing after initial treatment with vincristine and actinomycin D: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"48","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0710","article-title":"Surveillance recommendations for children with overgrowth syndromes and predisposition to Wilms tumors and hepatoblastoma","volume":"23","author":"Kalish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1071","article-title":"Germline mutations in DIS3L2 cause the Perlman syndrome of overgrowth and Wilms tumor susceptibility","volume":"44","author":"Astuti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref2261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00598-4","article-title":"Influence of radiation therapy delay on abdominal tumor recurrence in patients with favorable histology Wilms\u2019 tumor treated on NWTS-3 and NWTS-4: a report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group","volume":"57","author":"Kalapurakal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref1241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001451","article-title":"Overall survival and renal function of patients with synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor undergoing surgery at a single institution","volume":"262","author":"Davidoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref2151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.12.3744","article-title":"Effect of duration of treatment on treatment outcome and cost of treatment for Wilms\u2019 tumor: a report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group","volume":"16","author":"Green","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.10.015","article-title":"Primary nephrectomy and intraoperative tumor spill: report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group (COG) renal tumors committee","volume":"48","author":"Gow","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950210305","article-title":"Epidemiology of Wilms tumor","volume":"21","author":"Breslow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref1151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.1.91","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in patients less than 2 years of age with small, stage I, favorable-histology Wilms\u2019 tumors: a report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"11","author":"Green","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1960.tb20165.x","article-title":"Clinical studies on actinomycin D with special reference to Wilms\u2019 tumor in children","volume":"89","author":"Farber","year":"1960","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref1141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1960.tb20165.x","article-title":"Clinical studies on actinomycin D with special reference to Wilms\u2019 tumor in children","volume":"89","author":"Farber","year":"1960","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref1681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30018-5","article-title":"Identification of new Wilms tumour predisposition genes: an exome sequencing study","volume":"3","author":"Mahamdallie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref1501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32907","article-title":"11p15.5 epimutations in children with Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma detected in peripheral blood","volume":"126","author":"Fiala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/336374a0","article-title":"Familial predisposition to Wilms\u2019 tumour does not map to the short arm of chromosome 11","volume":"336","author":"Grundy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.01.110","article-title":"Timing of radiation therapy in pediatric Wilms tumor: a report from the National Cancer Database","volume":"101","author":"Stokes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref1721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0896-461","article-title":"Evidence for a familial Wilms\u2019 tumour gene (FWT1) on chromosome 17q12-q21","volume":"13","author":"Rahman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.05.100","article-title":"Biomarkers for Wilms tumor: a systematic review","volume":"196","author":"Cone","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.7852","article-title":"Treatment of anaplastic histology Wilms\u2019 tumor: results from the fifth National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"24","author":"Dome","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(78)90035-4","article-title":"Radiation therapy of Wilms\u2019 tumor: results according to dose, field, post-operative timing and histology","volume":"4","author":"D\u2019Angio","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref1441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000176800.00994.3a","article-title":"End stage renal disease in patients with Wilms tumor: results from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group and the United States Renal Data System","volume":"174","author":"Breslow","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32907","article-title":"11p15.5 epimutations in children with Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma detected in peripheral blood","volume":"126","author":"Fiala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref1051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21267","article-title":"Treatment of Wilms tumor relapsing after initial treatment with vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"50","author":"Malogolowkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref2491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001451","article-title":"Overall survival and renal function of patients with synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor undergoing surgery at a single institution","volume":"262","author":"Davidoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref1881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000988","article-title":"New approaches to risk stratification for Wilms tumor","volume":"33","author":"Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.166","article-title":"Expert consensus document: clinical and molecular diagnosis, screening and management of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: an international consensus statement","volume":"14","author":"Brioude","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref1521","first-page":"711","article-title":"Familial Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome and a second Wilms tumor locus both map to 11p15.5","volume":"44","author":"Koufos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810501)47:9<2302::AID-CNCR2820470933>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"The treatment of Wilms\u2019 tumor: results of the Second National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study","volume":"47","author":"D\u2019Angio","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2012.01.006","article-title":"Challenge of pediatric oncology in Africa","volume":"21","author":"Hadley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref1851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002356","article-title":"Results of the first prospective multi-institutional treatment study in children with bilateral Wilms tumor (AREN0534): a report From the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"266","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref1211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.1276","article-title":"Revised International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) working classification of renal tumors of childhood","volume":"38","author":"Vujani\u0107","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref1871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.07.026","article-title":"Standardizing lymph nodal sampling for Wilms tumor: a feasibility study with outcomes","volume":"55","author":"Qureshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1038\/343774a0","article-title":"Homozygous deletion in Wilms tumours of a zinc-finger gene identified by chromosome jumping","volume":"343","author":"Gessler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0896-461","article-title":"Evidence for a familial Wilms\u2019 tumour gene (FWT1) on chromosome 17q12-q21","volume":"13","author":"Rahman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref1311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2016.09.003","article-title":"Wilms tumor: \u201cstate-of-the-art\u201d update, 2016","volume":"25","author":"Irtan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref1131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3516","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32958","article-title":"Results of treatment for patients with multicentric or bilaterally predisposed unilateral Wilms tumor (AREN0534): a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"126","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref1181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28239","article-title":"Gain of 1q is associated with inferior event-free and overall survival in patients with favorable histology Wilms tumor: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"119","author":"Gratias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref2201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28629","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28629","article-title":"Practice patterns and recommendations for pediatric image-guided radiotherapy: a Children\u2019s Oncology Group report","volume":"67","author":"Hua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23090","article-title":"Twenty-five year follow-up of childhood Wilms tumor: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"57","author":"Termuhlen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref1061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20822","article-title":"Treatment of Wilms tumor relapsing after initial treatment with vincristine and actinomycin D: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group","volume":"48","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref1331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.1888","article-title":"Advances in Wilms tumor treatment and biology: progress through international collaboration","volume":"33","author":"Dome","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/view\/journals\/jnccn\/19\/8\/article-p945.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jnccn\/19\/8\/article-p945.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T19:01:50Z","timestamp":1636743710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/view\/journals\/jnccn\/19\/8\/article-p945.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":248,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-1405","1540-1413"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-1405","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-1413","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}}}