{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:01:23Z","timestamp":1791558083289,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Harborside Press, LLC","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Given limited evidence on opioid prescribing among patients receiving treatment for cancer during the ongoing opioid epidemic, our objective was to assess predictors of and trends in opioid receipt during cancer treatment, including how patterns differ by type of cancer. <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Using cancer registry data, we identified patients with a first lifetime primary diagnosis of breast, colorectal, or lung cancer from 2013 to 2017 who underwent treatment within a large cancer center network. Cancer registry data were linked to electronic health record information on opioid prescriptions. We examined predictors of and trends in receipt of any opioid prescription within 12 months of cancer diagnosis. <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The percentage of patients receiving opioids varied by cancer type: breast cancer, 35% (1,996\/5,649); colorectal, 37% (776\/2,083); lung, 47% (1,259\/2,654). In multivariable analysis, opioid use in the year before cancer diagnosis was the factor most strongly associated with receipt of opioids after cancer diagnosis, with 4.90 (95% CI, 4.10\u20135.86), 5.09 (95% CI, 3.88\u20136.69), and 3.31 (95% CI, 2.68\u20134.10) higher odds for breast, colorectal, and lung cancers, respectively. We did not observe a consistent decline in opioid prescribing over time, and trends differed by cancer type. <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Our findings suggest that prescription of opioids to patients with cancer varies by cancer type and other factors. In particular, patients are more likely to receive opioids after cancer diagnosis if they were previously exposed before diagnosis, suggesting that pain among patients with cancer may commonly include non\u2013cancer-related pain. Heterogeneity and complexity among patients with cancer must be accounted for in developing policies and guidelines aimed at addressing pain management while minimizing the risk of opioid misuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.7104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T22:16:12Z","timestamp":1646172972000},"page":"460-467.e1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patterns and Trends in Receipt of Opioids Among Patients Receiving Treatment for Cancer in a Large Health System"],"prefix":"10.6004","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lindsay M.","family":"Sabik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten Y.","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaojun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica S.","family":"Merlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Palliative Research Center (PaRC), and"},{"name":"3Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailey W.","family":"Bulls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Palliative Research Center (PaRC), and"},{"name":"3Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patience","family":"Moyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Pruskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Division of Geriatric Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.J.","family":"van Londen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Division of Hematology-Oncology, and"},{"name":"7Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Rosenzweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Acute & Tertiary Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Schenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Palliative Research Center (PaRC), and"},{"name":"3Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4047","reference":[{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1514387","article-title":"State legal restrictions and prescription-opioid use among disabled adults","volume":"375","author":"Meara","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2017.026120","article-title":"Under pressure: the tension between access and abuse of opioids in cancer pain management","volume":"13","author":"Paice","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e972","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2017.024901","article-title":"Opioid prescription trends among patients with cancer referred to outpatient palliative care over a 6-year period","volume":"13","author":"Haider","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"key":"ref1181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2017.06.003","article-title":"Long-term and latent side effects of specific cancer types","volume":"101","author":"Gegechkori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref1191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2010.0079","article-title":"Chronic pain management in cancer survivors","volume":"8","author":"Moryl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00938","article-title":"Trends in opioid use among older survivors of colorectal, lung, and breast cancers","volume":"37","author":"Salz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1198","article-title":"Effects of a palliative care intervention on clinical outcomes in patients with advanced cancer: the Project ENABLE II randomized controlled trial","volume":"302","author":"Bakitas","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-019-05224-y","article-title":"Patient-level factors associated with chronic opioid use in cancer: a population-based cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1807117","article-title":"Parenteral opioid shortage\u2014treating pain during the opioid-overdose epidemic","volume":"379","author":"Bruera","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0000000000000507","article-title":"Cancer pain and quality of life","volume":"21","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Palliat Nurs"},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e972","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2017.024901","article-title":"Opioid prescription trends among patients with cancer referred to outpatient palliative care over a 6-year period","volume":"13","author":"Haider","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"key":"ref1101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.0854","article-title":"Striving for safe, effective, affordable care for cancer survivors with chronic pain: another kind of moonshot","volume":"2","author":"Fisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.05.019","article-title":"Opioid prescribing safety measures in Medicaid enrollees with and without cancer","volume":"57","author":"Moyo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33532","article-title":"Cancer pain self-management in the context of a national opioid epidemic: experiences of patients with advanced cancer using opioids","volume":"127","author":"Azizoddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909114531445","article-title":"Chronic pain and risk factors for opioid misuse in a palliative care clinic","volume":"32","author":"Childers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref821","first-page":"71","article-title":"Identifying and assessing the risk of opioid abuse in patients with cancer: an integrative review","volume":"7","author":"Carmichael","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Rehabil"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4286","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30839","article-title":"Cancer survivorship and opioid prescribing rates: a population-based matched cohort study among individuals with and without a history of cancer","volume":"123","author":"Sutradhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003832","article-title":"Prescription opioid use among opioid-naive women undergoing immediate breast reconstruction","volume":"140","author":"Marcusa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref1081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.036","article-title":"Mandatory review of a prescription drug monitoring program and impact on opioid and benzodiazepine dispensing","volume":"188","author":"Winstanley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.4629","article-title":"Pain in cancer survivors","volume":"32","author":"Glare","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.05.019","article-title":"Opioid prescribing safety measures in Medicaid enrollees with and without cancer","volume":"57","author":"Moyo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1464","article-title":"CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain\u2014United States, 2016","volume":"315","author":"Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-019-05224-y","article-title":"Patient-level factors associated with chronic opioid use in cancer: a population-based cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.12.340","article-title":"Update on prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"van den Beuken-van Everdingen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.30_suppl.230","article-title":"Opioid-associated deaths in patients with cancer: a population study of the opioid epidemic over the past 10 years [abstract]","volume":"36","author":"Chino","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.370","article-title":"Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths","volume":"305","author":"Bohnert","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref1111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1807117","article-title":"Parenteral opioid shortage\u2014treating pain during the opioid-overdose epidemic","volume":"379","author":"Bruera","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.02.024","article-title":"Factors associated with opioid use in long-term cancer survivors","volume":"58","author":"Barbera","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2016.06.013","article-title":"The fractions of cancer attributable to modifiable factors: a global review","volume":"44","author":"Whiteman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz200","article-title":"Predicting persistent opioid use, abuse, and toxicity among cancer survivors","volume":"112","author":"Vitzthum","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32593","article-title":"New-onset persistent opioid use following breast cancer treatment in older adult women","volume":"126","author":"Roberts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.4629","article-title":"Pain in cancer survivors","volume":"32","author":"Glare","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60236-5","article-title":"Treatment of cancer pain","volume":"377","author":"Portenoy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1514387","article-title":"State legal restrictions and prescription-opioid use among disabled adults","volume":"375","author":"Meara","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-019-01236-5","article-title":"Changes in use of opioid therapy after colon cancer diagnosis: a population-based study","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref1121","first-page":"386","article-title":"Navigating cancer pain management in the midst of the opioid epidemic","volume":"32","author":"Paice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz200","article-title":"Predicting persistent opioid use, abuse, and toxicity among cancer survivors","volume":"112","author":"Vitzthum","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2010.0079","article-title":"Chronic pain management in cancer survivors","volume":"8","author":"Moryl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"ref811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.370","article-title":"Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths","volume":"305","author":"Bohnert","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref1151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.023","article-title":"Chronic pain: a review of its epidemiology and associated factors in population-based studies","volume":"123","author":"Mills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.30_suppl.230","article-title":"Opioid-associated deaths in patients with cancer: a population study of the opioid epidemic over the past 10 years [abstract]","volume":"36","author":"Chino","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref1171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2016.06.013","article-title":"The fractions of cancer attributable to modifiable factors: a global review","volume":"44","author":"Whiteman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.74.1363","article-title":"New persistent opioid use among patients with cancer after curative-intent surgery","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01310.x","article-title":"Time to take stock: a meta-analysis and systematic review of analgesic treatment disparities for pain in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Meghani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.0854","article-title":"Striving for safe, effective, affordable care for cancer survivors with chronic pain: another kind of moonshot","volume":"2","author":"Fisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31303","article-title":"Cancer pain management and the opioid crisis in America: how to preserve hard-earned gains in improving the quality of cancer pain management","volume":"124","author":"Paice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref401","volume-title":"SEER Summary Staging Manual - 2000: Codes and Coding Instructions","author":"Young","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref1131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31303","article-title":"Cancer pain management and the opioid crisis in America: how to preserve hard-earned gains in improving the quality of cancer pain management","volume":"124","author":"Paice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2017.06.003","article-title":"Long-term and latent side effects of specific cancer types","volume":"101","author":"Gegechkori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33532","article-title":"Cancer pain self-management in the context of a national opioid epidemic: experiences of patients with advanced cancer using opioids","volume":"127","author":"Azizoddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190665","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0665","article-title":"Trends and patterns of geographic variation in opioid prescribing practices by state, United States, 2006-2017","volume":"2","author":"Schieber","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2013\/16\/379","article-title":"Pain and its interference with daily activities in medical oncology outpatients","volume":"16","author":"te Boveldt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909112443587","article-title":"Chronic pain in the outpatient palliative care clinic","volume":"30","author":"Merlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.74.1363","article-title":"New persistent opioid use among patients with cancer after curative-intent surgery","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2013.0120","article-title":"Opioid misuse and abuse: risk assessment and management in patients with cancer pain","volume":"11","author":"Anghelescu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"ref1061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190665","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0665","article-title":"Trends and patterns of geographic variation in opioid prescribing practices by state, United States, 2006-2017","volume":"2","author":"Schieber","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909112443587","article-title":"Chronic pain in the outpatient palliative care clinic","volume":"30","author":"Merlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.0804","article-title":"Association of mandatory-access prescription drug monitoring programs with opioid prescriptions among Medicare patients treated by a medical or hematologic oncologist","volume":"6","author":"Graetz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.010","article-title":"Pain in patients attending a specialist cancer service: prevalence and association with emotional distress","volume":"43","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.02.024","article-title":"Factors associated with opioid use in long-term cancer survivors","volume":"58","author":"Barbera","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.0804","article-title":"Association of mandatory-access prescription drug monitoring programs with opioid prescriptions among Medicare patients treated by a medical or hematologic oncologist","volume":"6","author":"Graetz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463713493264","article-title":"Chronic pain epidemiology \u2013 where do lifestyle factors fit in?","volume":"7","author":"van Hecke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Pain"},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1030","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.20.01041","article-title":"This is a different patient population: opioid prescribing challenges for patients with cancer-related pain","volume":"17","author":"Schenker","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2013.0120","article-title":"Opioid misuse and abuse: risk assessment and management in patients with cancer pain","volume":"11","author":"Anghelescu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgh015","article-title":"Occurrence of cancer pain","volume":"2004","author":"McGuire","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1464","article-title":"CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain\u2014United States, 2016","volume":"315","author":"Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1198","article-title":"Effects of a palliative care intervention on clinical outcomes in patients with advanced cancer: the Project ENABLE II randomized controlled trial","volume":"302","author":"Bakitas","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl183","article-title":"Is a patient\u2019s self-reported health-related quality of life a prognostic factor for survival in non-small-cell lung cancer patients? A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors of EORTC study 08975","volume":"17","author":"Efficace","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.5690","article-title":"Analysis of price transparency via National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers\u2019 chargemasters for prostate cancer radiation therapy","volume":"6","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4286","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30839","article-title":"Cancer survivorship and opioid prescribing rates: a population-based matched cohort study among individuals with and without a history of cancer","volume":"123","author":"Sutradhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.010","article-title":"Pain in patients attending a specialist cancer service: prevalence and association with emotional distress","volume":"43","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.5690","article-title":"Analysis of price transparency via National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers\u2019 chargemasters for prostate cancer radiation therapy","volume":"6","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.023","article-title":"Chronic pain: a review of its epidemiology and associated factors in population-based studies","volume":"123","author":"Mills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909114531445","article-title":"Chronic pain and risk factors for opioid misuse in a palliative care clinic","volume":"32","author":"Childers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2017.026120","article-title":"Under pressure: the tension between access and abuse of opioids in cancer pain management","volume":"13","author":"Paice","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.12.340","article-title":"Update on prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"van den Beuken-van Everdingen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgh015","article-title":"Occurrence of cancer pain","volume":"2004","author":"McGuire","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"ref1051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00938","article-title":"Trends in opioid use among older survivors of colorectal, lung, and breast cancers","volume":"37","author":"Salz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.036","article-title":"Mandatory review of a prescription drug monitoring program and impact on opioid and benzodiazepine dispensing","volume":"188","author":"Winstanley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.4387","article-title":"Opioid use after open resection or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for early-stage lung cancer","volume":"4","author":"Tuminello","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref1161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463713493264","article-title":"Chronic pain epidemiology \u2013 where do lifestyle factors fit in?","volume":"7","author":"van Hecke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Pain"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0000000000000507","article-title":"Cancer pain and quality of life","volume":"21","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Palliat Nurs"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1030","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.20.01041","article-title":"This is a different patient population: opioid prescribing challenges for patients with cancer-related pain","volume":"17","author":"Schenker","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.08.057","article-title":"Factors associated with new persistent opioid usage after lung resection","volume":"107","author":"Brescia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref1001","volume-title":"SEER Summary Staging Manual - 2000: Codes and Coding Instructions","author":"Young","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref1021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003832","article-title":"Prescription opioid use among opioid-naive women undergoing immediate breast reconstruction","volume":"140","author":"Marcusa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl183","article-title":"Is a patient\u2019s self-reported health-related quality of life a prognostic factor for survival in non-small-cell lung cancer patients? A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors of EORTC study 08975","volume":"17","author":"Efficace","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60236-5","article-title":"Treatment of cancer pain","volume":"377","author":"Portenoy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"71","article-title":"Identifying and assessing the risk of opioid abuse in patients with cancer: an integrative review","volume":"7","author":"Carmichael","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Rehabil"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.4387","article-title":"Opioid use after open resection or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for early-stage lung cancer","volume":"4","author":"Tuminello","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref521","first-page":"386","article-title":"Navigating cancer pain management in the midst of the opioid epidemic","volume":"32","author":"Paice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"ref1031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32593","article-title":"New-onset persistent opioid use following breast cancer treatment in older adult women","volume":"126","author":"Roberts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01310.x","article-title":"Time to take stock: a meta-analysis and systematic review of analgesic treatment disparities for pain in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Meghani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2013\/16\/379","article-title":"Pain and its interference with daily activities in medical oncology outpatients","volume":"16","author":"te Boveldt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref1011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-019-01236-5","article-title":"Changes in use of opioid therapy after colon cancer diagnosis: a population-based study","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref1041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.08.057","article-title":"Factors associated with new persistent opioid usage after lung resection","volume":"107","author":"Brescia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/view\/journals\/jnccn\/20\/5\/article-p460.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jnccn\/20\/5\/article-p460.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T19:02:56Z","timestamp":1652468576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/view\/journals\/jnccn\/20\/5\/article-p460.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2021.7104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-1405","1540-1413"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-1405","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-1413","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}