{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:47:11Z","timestamp":1789577231369,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Harborside Press, LLC","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    High-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise both well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (G3 NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Mixed neuroendocrine\u2013non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) nearly always include poorly differentiated NEC as the neuroendocrine component. The efficacy and safety of frontline mFOLFIRINOX chemotherapy has never been investigated in patients with high-grade NENs.\n                    <jats:bold>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective analysis of patients with advanced high-grade NEN of the gastroenteropancreatic tract or of unknown origin seen between February 2016 and April 2023 who received treatment with frontline mFOLFIRINOX.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 35 patients were included (G3 NETs: n=2; NECs: n=25; MiNENs: n=8; stage III: n=5; stage IV: n=30). The objective response rate was 77% (complete response: 3%; partial response: 74%). Median progression-free survival was 12 months (95% CI, 9.2\u201316.2 months) and median overall survival was 20.6 months (95% CI, 17.2\u201330.6 months). No significant differences in efficacy were seen according to primary site, histopathology, and Ki-67 proliferative index. All 5 patients with stage III disease who received mFOLFIRINOX obtained an objective response and underwent radical surgery or definitive radiotherapy with curative intent, with a recurrence rate of 40%. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in 43% of patients (mainly neutropenia and diarrhea). Females were at significantly increased risk of developing severe toxicities.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    mFOLFIRINOX shows antitumor activity against high-grade NENs. Well-designed, prospective clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of mFOLFIRINOX in both the neoadjuvant and metastatic settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2024.7005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T09:18:30Z","timestamp":1715678310000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Efficacy and Toxicity Analysis of mFOLFIRINOX in High-Grade Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.6004","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Borghesani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Reni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Lauricella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Moscarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Trevisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Torresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taymeyah","family":"Al-Toubah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Filoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Luchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"De Robertis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Radiology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Landoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Odontostomatological and Maternal-Child Sciences, Section of General and Pancreatic Surgery, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camillo","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Milella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Strosberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Cives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cingarlini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4047","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"CA Cancer J Clin","first-page":"471","article-title":"Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"68","author":"Cives M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cives M, Strosberg JR. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:471\u2013487."},{"key":"B2","article-title":"WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Klimstra DS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klimstra DS, Kloppel G, La Rosa S,  WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System, Vol. 1, 5th ed. 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