{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:11:27Z","timestamp":1793434287534,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Harborside Press, LLC","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Germline genetic testing is recommended for patients with prostate cancer, both localized and advanced, based on disease and family history criteria, with results that may inform targeted therapy. However, real-world utilization of germline genetic testing and potential disparities in access remain inadequately characterized. We analyzed germline genetic testing utilization in a national cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with prostate cancer, examining geographic variation and factors associated with testing.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Using nationwide Medicare claims (2019\u20132023), we identified patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and germline genetic testing claims. Patient-level geographic patterns of testing rates were evaluated using Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (metropolitan, urban, rural) and hospital referral regions. Using multivariable logistic regression, we assessed associations between residence type and germline genetic testing receipt, adjusted for sociodemographic covariates. The SEER database was used to estimate the proportion of patients meeting clinicopathologic criteria for testing.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Among 749,202 men with prostate cancer, 17,821 (2.38%) underwent germline genetic testing. Based on SEER data, 36.5% of patients would have met clinicopathologic criteria for testing. Across 306 hospital referral regions, testing rates ranged from 0.29% to 14.1%. Urban residents were less likely to undergo germline genetic testing than metropolitan residents (odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75\u20130.95). Increasing age (\u226581 years: OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.50\u20130.58) and Asian ethnicity (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.58\u20130.82) were associated with a lower odds of germline genetic testing.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study reveals substantial underutilization of germline genetic testing among Medicare beneficiaries with prostate cancer. Despite evidence supporting its use and benefits, &lt;3% of patients underwent testing, even though more than one-third met established criteria. These findings underscore the need to improve regional access to testing and increase awareness among patients and physicians, particularly for older and Asian populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2025.7074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T13:56:07Z","timestamp":1765979767000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Geographic Variability in Germline Genetic Testing for Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Medicare Claims Study With Evidence of Low Uptake"],"prefix":"10.6004","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Stephan M.","family":"Korn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Zurl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Piccolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klara K.","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart R.","family":"Lipsitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Kibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huma Q.","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry L.","family":"Kilbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh F.","family":"Shariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veda N.","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Loeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs, New York, 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