{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:02:54Z","timestamp":1787162574212,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Harborside Press, LLC","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with cancer and preexisting or acquired autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of ICIs in patients with cancer and preexisting or acquired ARDs using a relatively large real-world database.\n                    <jats:bold>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Using the Chang Gung Research Database, we identified 23,981 patients with cancer who received either ICIs or other systemic anticancer treatments between January 1, 2002, and March 31, 2022. After propensity-score matching at a 1:2:4 ratio based on age, sex, and cancer type, we established 3 groups for analysis: group 1 (patients with both cancer and ARDs who received ICI therapy [Cancer\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ICI\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ARD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]; n=303), group 2 (patients with cancer without ARDs who received ICI therapy [Cancer\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ICI\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ARD\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]; n=597), and group 3 (patients with cancer with ARDs who received systemic anticancer therapy without ICIs [Cancer\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ICI\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ARD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]; n=1,212). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and McNemar's test were used to assess changes in steroid and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) dosages, as well as laboratory parameters associated with ARD activity, before and after ICIs.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study found no significant differences between patients with cancer treated with ICIs who did or did not have ARDs, particularly with respect to steroid dosage. DMARD dosages did not increase after ICI treatment, regardless of ARD status. Laboratory parameters related to ARD activity also showed no significant changes before and after ICI therapy. Notably, immune-related adverse events\u2014aside from an increased incidence of skin complications such as psoriasis (2.31% in group 1 vs 0.41% in group 3;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;.01)\u2014did not result in a higher number of severe or de novo ARDs (7.26% in group 1 vs 10.64% in group 3;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =.08).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The findings suggest that ICI treatment does not significantly increase the risk of ARD flare-ups in patients with cancer and preexisting or acquired ARDs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2025.7106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T13:46:24Z","timestamp":1770644784000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Did Not Exacerbate Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Activity in Patients With Cancer"],"prefix":"10.6004","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ping-Han","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-I","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Chia","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Ming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Fu","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ching","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason Chia-Hsun","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4047","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"1267091","article-title":"The role of inflammation in autoimmune disease: a therapeutic target","volume":"14","author":"Xiang Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiang Y, Zhang M, Jiang D,  The role of inflammation in autoimmune disease: a therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2023;14:1267091."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"158","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"378","author":"Postow MA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Postow MA, Sidlow R, Hellmann MD. Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade. N Engl J Med 2018;378:158\u2013168."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"8030","article-title":"Autoimmune responses in oncology: causes and significance","volume":"22","author":"Bareke H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bareke H, Juanes-Velasco P, Landeira-Vinuela A,  Autoimmune responses in oncology: causes and significance. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:8030."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"793234","article-title":"Autoimmunity and cancer\u2013two sides of the same coin","volume":"13","author":"Sakowska J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sakowska J, Arcimowicz L, Jankowiak M,  Autoimmunity and cancer\u2013two sides of the same coin. Front Immunol 2022;13:793234."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Nat Rev Cancer","first-page":"252","article-title":"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Pardoll DM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2012;12:252\u2013264."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"JAMA Oncol","first-page":"1507","article-title":"Prevalence of autoimmune disease among patients with lung cancer: implications for immunotherapy treatment options","volume":"2","author":"Khan SA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khan SA, Pruitt SL, Xuan L, Gerber DE. Prevalence of autoimmune disease among patients with lung cancer: implications for immunotherapy treatment options. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:1507\u20131508."},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol","first-page":"101472","article-title":"The relationships between cancer and autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"34","author":"Cappelli LC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cappelli LC, Shah AA. The relationships between cancer and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2020;34:101472."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e3540","article-title":"Cancer risk in patients with inflammatory systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide population-based dynamic cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"95","author":"Yu KH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu KH, Kuo CF, Huang LH,  Cancer risk in patients with inflammatory systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide population-based dynamic cohort study in Taiwan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95:e3540."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Arthritis Res Ther","first-page":"469","article-title":"Immune checkpoint receptors in regulating immune reactivity in rheumatic disease","volume":"16","author":"Ceeraz S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ceeraz S, Nowak EC, Burns CM, Noelle RJ. Immune checkpoint receptors in regulating immune reactivity in rheumatic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2014;16:469."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"1870","article-title":"The programmed death 1\/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitory pathway is up-regulated in rheumatoid synovium and regulates peripheral T cell responses in human and murine arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Raptopoulou AP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raptopoulou AP, Bertsias G, Makrygiannakis D,  The programmed death 1\/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitory pathway is up-regulated in rheumatoid synovium and regulates peripheral T cell responses in human and murine arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:1870\u20131880."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Arthritis Res Ther","first-page":"340","article-title":"Soluble PD-1 aggravates progression of collagen-induced arthritis through Th1 and Th17 pathways","volume":"17","author":"Liu C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu C, Jiang J, Gao L,  Soluble PD-1 aggravates progression of collagen-induced arthritis through Th1 and Th17 pathways. Arthritis Res Ther 2015;17:340."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"736","article-title":"2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"78","author":"Fanouriakis A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fanouriakis A, Kostopoulou M, Alunno A,  2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2019;78:736\u2013745."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"3","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of Sjogren's syndrome with topical and systemic therapies","volume":"79","author":"Ramos-Casals M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zeron P, Bombardieri S,  EULAR recommendations for the management of Sjogren's syndrome with topical and systemic therapies. Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79:3\u201318."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"3","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update","volume":"82","author":"Smolen JS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Landewe RBM, Bergstra SA,  EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis 2023;82:3\u201318."},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"30","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update","volume":"83","author":"Hellmich B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hellmich B, Sanchez-Alamo B, Schirmer JH,  EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis 2024;83:30\u201347."},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"19","article-title":"2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis","volume":"79","author":"Hellmich B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S,  2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79:19\u201330."},{"key":"B17","series-title":"J Immunother Cancer","first-page":"95","article-title":"Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensus recommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Toxicity Management Working Group","volume":"5","author":"Puzanov I","year":"2017","unstructured":"Puzanov I, Diab A, Abdallah K,  Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensus recommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Toxicity Management Working Group. J Immunother Cancer 2017;5:95."},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Ann Oncol","first-page":"iv119","article-title":"Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"28(Suppl 4)","author":"Haanen J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haanen J, Carbonnel F, Robert C,  Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2017;28(Suppl 4):iv119\u2013142."},{"key":"B19","series-title":"J Oncol Pract","first-page":"247","article-title":"Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline summary","volume":"14","author":"Brahmer JR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brahmer JR, Lacchetti C, Thompson JA. Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline summary. J Oncol Pract 2018;14:247\u2013249."},{"key":"B20","series-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw","first-page":"594","article-title":"New NCCN Guidelines: recognition and management of immunotherapy-related toxicity","volume":"16(5S)","author":"Thompson JA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson JA. New NCCN Guidelines: recognition and management of immunotherapy-related toxicity. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2018;16(5S):594\u2013596."},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol","first-page":"641","article-title":"Immune-checkpoint inhibitor use in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases","volume":"18","author":"Tison A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tison A, Garaud S, Chiche L,  Immune-checkpoint inhibitor use in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022;18:641\u2013656."},{"key":"B22","series-title":"Lancet Rheumatol","first-page":"e274","article-title":"Mortality and immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation for cancer among patients with pre-existing rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective, comparative, cohort study","volume":"5","author":"McCarter KR","year":"2023","unstructured":"McCarter KR, Wolfgang T, Arabelovic S,  Mortality and immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation for cancer among patients with pre-existing rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective, comparative, cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2023;5:e274\u2013283."},{"key":"B23","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","first-page":"6341","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure in adult cancer patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases","volume":"149","author":"Pizuorno Machado A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pizuorno Machado A, Shatila M, Liu C,  Immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure in adult cancer patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023;149:6341\u20136350."},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Med Clin (Barc)","first-page":"53","article-title":"Safety profiles in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors by patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases","volume":"164","author":"Santos Freitas JA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Santos Freitas JA, da Silva Neto MM, Freitas de Lima CK,  Safety profiles in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors by patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases. Med Clin (Barc) 2025;164:53\u201360."},{"key":"B25","series-title":"BMC Cancer","first-page":"490","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with rheumatologic preexisting autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Liu X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Li S, Ke L, Cui H. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with rheumatologic preexisting autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2024;24:490."},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","first-page":"527","article-title":"Predictors of rheumatic immune-related adverse events and de novo inflammatory arthritis after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for cancer","volume":"74","author":"Cunningham-Bussel A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cunningham-Bussel A, Wang J, Prisco LC,  Predictors of rheumatic immune-related adverse events and de novo inflammatory arthritis after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for cancer. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022;74:527\u2013540."},{"key":"B27","series-title":"RMD Open","first-page":"e005007","article-title":"Predictive value of myositis antibodies: role of semiquantitative classification and positivity for more than one autoantibody","volume":"11","author":"Kerola AM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kerola AM, Pietikainen A, Barantseva J,  Predictive value of myositis antibodies: role of semiquantitative classification and positivity for more than one autoantibody. RMD Open 2025;11:e005007."},{"key":"B28","series-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf","first-page":"257","article-title":"Accuracy of diagnoses of inflammatory arthritis in administrative hospitalization databases","volume":"30","author":"Ward MM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ward MM. Accuracy of diagnoses of inflammatory arthritis in administrative hospitalization databases. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2021;30:257\u2013265."},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am","first-page":"301","article-title":"De novo connective tissue disorders as immune-related adverse events","volume":"50","author":"Cho LK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cho LK, Jamal S. De novo connective tissue disorders as immune-related adverse events. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2024;50:301\u2013312."},{"key":"B30","series-title":"Multivariate Behav Res","first-page":"399","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","author":"Austin PC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin PC. An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivariate Behav Res 2011;46:399\u2013424."},{"key":"B31","series-title":"Ann Transl Med","first-page":"16","article-title":"Balance diagnostics after propensity score matching","volume":"7","author":"Zhang Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Kim HJ, Lonjon G, Zhu Y. Balance diagnostics after propensity score matching. Ann Transl Med 2019;7:16."},{"key":"B32","series-title":"Immunity","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways in autoimmunity","volume":"44","author":"Zhang Q","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Vignali DA. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways in autoimmunity. Immunity 2016;44:1034\u20131051."},{"key":"B33","series-title":"Immunol Rev","first-page":"166","article-title":"Control of peripheral T-cell tolerance and autoimmunity via the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways","volume":"224","author":"Fife BT","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fife BT, Bluestone JA. Control of peripheral T-cell tolerance and autoimmunity via the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways. Immunol Rev 2008;224:166\u2013182."},{"key":"B34","series-title":"Cell Immunol","first-page":"27","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L and autoimmunity: a growing relationship","volume":"310","author":"Zamani MR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zamani MR, Aslani S, Salmaninejad A,  PD-1\/PD-L and autoimmunity: a growing relationship. Cell Immunol 2016;310:27\u201341."},{"key":"B35","series-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immune deficiency and autoimmunity in patients with CTLA-4 (CD152) mutations","volume":"190","author":"Verma N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Verma N, Burns SO, Walker LSK, Sansom DM. Immune deficiency and autoimmunity in patients with CTLA-4 (CD152) mutations. Clin Exp Immunol 2017;190:1\u20137."},{"key":"B36","series-title":"JAMA Oncol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Ipilimumab therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmune disorders","volume":"2","author":"Johnson DB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johnson DB, Sullivan RJ, Ott PA,  Ipilimumab therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmune disorders. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:234\u2013240."},{"key":"B37","series-title":"Ann Oncol","first-page":"368","article-title":"Anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmune disorders or major toxicity with ipilimumab","volume":"28","author":"Menzies AM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menzies AM, Johnson DB, Ramanujam S,  Anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmune disorders or major toxicity with ipilimumab. Ann Oncol 2017;28:368\u2013376."},{"key":"B38","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"21","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of anti-programmed death 1 antibodies in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune or inflammatory disease","volume":"91","author":"Danlos FX","year":"2018","unstructured":"Danlos FX, Voisin AL, Dyevre V,  Safety and efficacy of anti-programmed death 1 antibodies in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune or inflammatory disease. Eur J Cancer 2018;91:21\u201329."},{"key":"B39","series-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother","first-page":"825","article-title":"Ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma patients with pre-existing autoimmune disorders","volume":"67","author":"K\u00e4hler KC","year":"2018","unstructured":"K\u00e4hler KC, Eigentler TK, Gesierich A,  Ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma patients with pre-existing autoimmune disorders. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018;67:825\u2013834."},{"key":"B40","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"1905","article-title":"Safety of programmed death-1 pathway inhibitors among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and preexisting autoimmune disorders","volume":"36","author":"Leonardi GC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leonardi GC, Gainor JF, Altan M,  Safety of programmed death-1 pathway inhibitors among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and preexisting autoimmune disorders. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:1905\u20131912."},{"key":"B41","series-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","first-page":"2100","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune disease: a nationwide, multicenter cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Tison A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tison A, Quere G, Misery L,  Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune disease: a nationwide, multicenter cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019;71:2100\u20132111."},{"key":"B42","series-title":"J Immunother Cancer","first-page":"e000538","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced urological cancers with pre-existing autoimmune disorders: a retrospective international multicenter study","volume":"8","author":"Martinez Chanza N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martinez Chanza N, Xie W, Issa M,  Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced urological cancers with pre-existing autoimmune disorders: a retrospective international multicenter study. J Immunother Cancer 2020;8:e000538."},{"key":"B43","series-title":"J Immunother","first-page":"362","article-title":"Safety and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune diseases","volume":"44","author":"Yeung C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yeung C, Kartolo A, Holstead R,  Safety and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune diseases. J Immunother 2021;44:362\u2013370."},{"key":"B44","series-title":"Cancer Med","first-page":"7457","article-title":"Preexisting immune-mediated inflammatory disease is associated with improved survival and increased toxicity in melanoma patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Gulati N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gulati N, Celen A, Johannet P,  Preexisting immune-mediated inflammatory disease is associated with improved survival and increased toxicity in melanoma patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Med 2021;10:7457\u20137465."},{"key":"B45","series-title":"Lancet Oncol","first-page":"1480","article-title":"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab alone in advanced melanoma (CheckMate 067): 4-year outcomes of a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"19","author":"Hodi FS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hodi FS, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R,  Nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab alone in advanced melanoma (CheckMate 067): 4-year outcomes of a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2018;19:1480\u20131492."},{"key":"B46","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1853","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006)","volume":"390","author":"Schachter J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schachter J, Ribas A, Long GV,  Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006). Lancet 2017;390:1853\u20131862."},{"key":"B47","series-title":"Lung Cancer","first-page":"114","article-title":"Durvalumab after definitive chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): real-world data on survival and safety from the German Expanded-Access Program (EAP)","volume":"150","author":"Faehling M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faehling M, Schumann C, Christopoulos P,  Durvalumab after definitive chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): real-world data on survival and safety from the German Expanded-Access Program (EAP). Lung Cancer 2020;150:114\u2013122."},{"key":"B48","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"202","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of atezolizumab in patients with autoimmune disease: subgroup analysis of the SAUL study in locally advanced\/metastatic urinary tract carcinoma","volume":"138","author":"Loriot Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Loriot Y, Sternberg CN, Castellano D,  Safety and efficacy of atezolizumab in patients with autoimmune disease: subgroup analysis of the SAUL study in locally advanced\/metastatic urinary tract carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2020;138:202\u2013211."},{"key":"B49","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"24","article-title":"Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmunity or ipilimumab-triggered autoimmunity","volume":"75","author":"Gutzmer R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gutzmer R, Koop A, Meier F,  Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmunity or ipilimumab-triggered autoimmunity. Eur J Cancer 2017;75:24\u201332."},{"key":"B50","series-title":"Lung Cancer","first-page":"5","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients positive for antinuclear antibodies","volume":"130","author":"Yoneshima Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoneshima Y, Tanaka K, Shiraishi Y,  Safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients positive for antinuclear antibodies. Lung Cancer 2019;130:5\u20139."},{"key":"B51","series-title":"Ann Oncol","first-page":"724","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases and immune-checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy: review of the literature and personalized risk-based prevention strategy","volume":"31","author":"Haanen J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haanen J, Ernstoff MS, Wang Y,  Autoimmune diseases and immune-checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy: review of the literature and personalized risk-based prevention strategy. Ann Oncol 2020;31:724\u2013744."},{"key":"B52","series-title":"BMC Rheumatol","first-page":"11","article-title":"Methotrexate treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis: a scoping review on doses and administration routes","volume":"8","author":"Rubio-Romero E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rubio-Romero E, D\u00edaz-Torn\u00e9 C, Moreno-Mart\u00ednez MJ, De-Luz J. Methotrexate treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis: a scoping review on doses and administration routes. BMC Rheumatol 2024;8:11."},{"key":"B53","series-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev","first-page":"e182","article-title":"Cetuximab versus methotrexate in first-line treatment of older, frail patients with inoperable recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (ELAN UNFIT): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"5","author":"Guigay J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guigay J, Ortholan C, Vansteene D,  Cetuximab versus methotrexate in first-line treatment of older, frail patients with inoperable recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (ELAN UNFIT): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Healthy Longev 2024;5:e182\u2013193."},{"key":"B54","series-title":"Semin Oncol","first-page":"152342","article-title":"The interest of therapeutic and pharmacological drug monitoring of methotrexate: a systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Chellal W","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chellal W, Metarfi Y, Ben Khadda Z,  The interest of therapeutic and pharmacological drug monitoring of methotrexate: a systematic review. Semin Oncol 2025;52:152342."},{"key":"B55","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"2121","article-title":"Immunosuppressive therapy in lupus nephritis: the Euro-Lupus Nephritis trial, a randomized trial of low-dose versus high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide","volume":"46","author":"Houssiau FA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Houssiau FA, Vasconcelos C, D\u2019Cruz D,  Immunosuppressive therapy in lupus nephritis: the Euro-Lupus Nephritis trial, a randomized trial of low-dose versus high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:2121\u20132131."},{"key":"B56","series-title":"Cancer Lett","first-page":"217119","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide and analogues; a matter of dose and schedule for dual anticancer activities","volume":"598","author":"Delahousse J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Delahousse J, Molina L, Paci A. Cyclophosphamide and analogues; a matter of dose and schedule for dual anticancer activities. Cancer Lett 2024;598:217119."},{"key":"B1","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"1267091","article-title":"The role of inflammation in autoimmune disease: a therapeutic target","volume":"14","author":"Xiang Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiang Y, Zhang M, Jiang D,  The role of inflammation in autoimmune disease: a therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2023;14:1267091."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"158","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"378","author":"Postow MA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Postow MA, Sidlow R, Hellmann MD. Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade. N Engl J Med 2018;378:158\u2013168."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"8030","article-title":"Autoimmune responses in oncology: causes and significance","volume":"22","author":"Bareke H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bareke H, Juanes-Velasco P, Landeira-Vinuela A,  Autoimmune responses in oncology: causes and significance. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:8030."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"793234","article-title":"Autoimmunity and cancer\u2013two sides of the same coin","volume":"13","author":"Sakowska J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sakowska J, Arcimowicz L, Jankowiak M,  Autoimmunity and cancer\u2013two sides of the same coin. Front Immunol 2022;13:793234."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Nat Rev Cancer","first-page":"252","article-title":"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Pardoll DM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2012;12:252\u2013264."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"JAMA Oncol","first-page":"1507","article-title":"Prevalence of autoimmune disease among patients with lung cancer: implications for immunotherapy treatment options","volume":"2","author":"Khan SA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khan SA, Pruitt SL, Xuan L, Gerber DE. Prevalence of autoimmune disease among patients with lung cancer: implications for immunotherapy treatment options. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:1507\u20131508."},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol","first-page":"101472","article-title":"The relationships between cancer and autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"34","author":"Cappelli LC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cappelli LC, Shah AA. The relationships between cancer and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2020;34:101472."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e3540","article-title":"Cancer risk in patients with inflammatory systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide population-based dynamic cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"95","author":"Yu KH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu KH, Kuo CF, Huang LH,  Cancer risk in patients with inflammatory systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide population-based dynamic cohort study in Taiwan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95:e3540."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Arthritis Res Ther","first-page":"469","article-title":"Immune checkpoint receptors in regulating immune reactivity in rheumatic disease","volume":"16","author":"Ceeraz S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ceeraz S, Nowak EC, Burns CM, Noelle RJ. Immune checkpoint receptors in regulating immune reactivity in rheumatic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2014;16:469."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"1870","article-title":"The programmed death 1\/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitory pathway is up-regulated in rheumatoid synovium and regulates peripheral T cell responses in human and murine arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Raptopoulou AP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raptopoulou AP, Bertsias G, Makrygiannakis D,  The programmed death 1\/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitory pathway is up-regulated in rheumatoid synovium and regulates peripheral T cell responses in human and murine arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:1870\u20131880."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Arthritis Res Ther","first-page":"340","article-title":"Soluble PD-1 aggravates progression of collagen-induced arthritis through Th1 and Th17 pathways","volume":"17","author":"Liu C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu C, Jiang J, Gao L,  Soluble PD-1 aggravates progression of collagen-induced arthritis through Th1 and Th17 pathways. Arthritis Res Ther 2015;17:340."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"736","article-title":"2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"78","author":"Fanouriakis A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fanouriakis A, Kostopoulou M, Alunno A,  2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2019;78:736\u2013745."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"3","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of Sjogren's syndrome with topical and systemic therapies","volume":"79","author":"Ramos-Casals M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zeron P, Bombardieri S,  EULAR recommendations for the management of Sjogren's syndrome with topical and systemic therapies. Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79:3\u201318."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"3","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update","volume":"82","author":"Smolen JS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Landewe RBM, Bergstra SA,  EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis 2023;82:3\u201318."},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"30","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update","volume":"83","author":"Hellmich B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hellmich B, Sanchez-Alamo B, Schirmer JH,  EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis 2024;83:30\u201347."},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"19","article-title":"2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis","volume":"79","author":"Hellmich B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S,  2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79:19\u201330."},{"key":"B17","series-title":"J Immunother Cancer","first-page":"95","article-title":"Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensus recommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Toxicity Management Working Group","volume":"5","author":"Puzanov I","year":"2017","unstructured":"Puzanov I, Diab A, Abdallah K,  Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensus recommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Toxicity Management Working Group. J Immunother Cancer 2017;5:95."},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Ann Oncol","first-page":"iv119","article-title":"Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"28(Suppl 4)","author":"Haanen J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haanen J, Carbonnel F, Robert C,  Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2017;28(Suppl 4):iv119\u2013142."},{"key":"B19","series-title":"J Oncol Pract","first-page":"247","article-title":"Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline summary","volume":"14","author":"Brahmer JR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brahmer JR, Lacchetti C, Thompson JA. Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline summary. J Oncol Pract 2018;14:247\u2013249."},{"key":"B20","series-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw","first-page":"594","article-title":"New NCCN Guidelines: recognition and management of immunotherapy-related toxicity","volume":"16(5S)","author":"Thompson JA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson JA. New NCCN Guidelines: recognition and management of immunotherapy-related toxicity. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2018;16(5S):594\u2013596."},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol","first-page":"641","article-title":"Immune-checkpoint inhibitor use in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases","volume":"18","author":"Tison A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tison A, Garaud S, Chiche L,  Immune-checkpoint inhibitor use in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022;18:641\u2013656."},{"key":"B22","series-title":"Lancet Rheumatol","first-page":"e274","article-title":"Mortality and immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation for cancer among patients with pre-existing rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective, comparative, cohort study","volume":"5","author":"McCarter KR","year":"2023","unstructured":"McCarter KR, Wolfgang T, Arabelovic S,  Mortality and immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation for cancer among patients with pre-existing rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective, comparative, cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2023;5:e274\u2013283."},{"key":"B23","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","first-page":"6341","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure in adult cancer patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases","volume":"149","author":"Pizuorno Machado A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pizuorno Machado A, Shatila M, Liu C,  Immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure in adult cancer patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023;149:6341\u20136350."},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Med Clin (Barc)","first-page":"53","article-title":"Safety profiles in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors by patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases","volume":"164","author":"Santos Freitas JA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Santos Freitas JA, da Silva Neto MM, Freitas de Lima CK,  Safety profiles in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors by patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases. Med Clin (Barc) 2025;164:53\u201360."},{"key":"B25","series-title":"BMC Cancer","first-page":"490","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with rheumatologic preexisting autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Liu X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Li S, Ke L, Cui H. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with rheumatologic preexisting autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2024;24:490."},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","first-page":"527","article-title":"Predictors of rheumatic immune-related adverse events and de novo inflammatory arthritis after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for cancer","volume":"74","author":"Cunningham-Bussel A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cunningham-Bussel A, Wang J, Prisco LC,  Predictors of rheumatic immune-related adverse events and de novo inflammatory arthritis after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for cancer. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022;74:527\u2013540."},{"key":"B27","series-title":"RMD Open","first-page":"e005007","article-title":"Predictive value of myositis antibodies: role of semiquantitative classification and positivity for more than one autoantibody","volume":"11","author":"Kerola AM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kerola AM, Pietikainen A, Barantseva J,  Predictive value of myositis antibodies: role of semiquantitative classification and positivity for more than one autoantibody. RMD Open 2025;11:e005007."},{"key":"B28","series-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf","first-page":"257","article-title":"Accuracy of diagnoses of inflammatory arthritis in administrative hospitalization databases","volume":"30","author":"Ward MM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ward MM. Accuracy of diagnoses of inflammatory arthritis in administrative hospitalization databases. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2021;30:257\u2013265."},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am","first-page":"301","article-title":"De novo connective tissue disorders as immune-related adverse events","volume":"50","author":"Cho LK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cho LK, Jamal S. De novo connective tissue disorders as immune-related adverse events. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2024;50:301\u2013312."},{"key":"B30","series-title":"Multivariate Behav Res","first-page":"399","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","author":"Austin PC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin PC. An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivariate Behav Res 2011;46:399\u2013424."},{"key":"B31","series-title":"Ann Transl Med","first-page":"16","article-title":"Balance diagnostics after propensity score matching","volume":"7","author":"Zhang Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Kim HJ, Lonjon G, Zhu Y. Balance diagnostics after propensity score matching. Ann Transl Med 2019;7:16."},{"key":"B32","series-title":"Immunity","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways in autoimmunity","volume":"44","author":"Zhang Q","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Vignali DA. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways in autoimmunity. Immunity 2016;44:1034\u20131051."},{"key":"B33","series-title":"Immunol Rev","first-page":"166","article-title":"Control of peripheral T-cell tolerance and autoimmunity via the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways","volume":"224","author":"Fife BT","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fife BT, Bluestone JA. Control of peripheral T-cell tolerance and autoimmunity via the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways. Immunol Rev 2008;224:166\u2013182."},{"key":"B34","series-title":"Cell Immunol","first-page":"27","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L and autoimmunity: a growing relationship","volume":"310","author":"Zamani MR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zamani MR, Aslani S, Salmaninejad A,  PD-1\/PD-L and autoimmunity: a growing relationship. Cell Immunol 2016;310:27\u201341."},{"key":"B35","series-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immune deficiency and autoimmunity in patients with CTLA-4 (CD152) mutations","volume":"190","author":"Verma N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Verma N, Burns SO, Walker LSK, Sansom DM. Immune deficiency and autoimmunity in patients with CTLA-4 (CD152) mutations. Clin Exp Immunol 2017;190:1\u20137."},{"key":"B36","series-title":"JAMA Oncol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Ipilimumab therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmune disorders","volume":"2","author":"Johnson DB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johnson DB, Sullivan RJ, Ott PA,  Ipilimumab therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmune disorders. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:234\u2013240."},{"key":"B37","series-title":"Ann Oncol","first-page":"368","article-title":"Anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmune disorders or major toxicity with ipilimumab","volume":"28","author":"Menzies AM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menzies AM, Johnson DB, Ramanujam S,  Anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmune disorders or major toxicity with ipilimumab. Ann Oncol 2017;28:368\u2013376."},{"key":"B38","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"21","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of anti-programmed death 1 antibodies in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune or inflammatory disease","volume":"91","author":"Danlos FX","year":"2018","unstructured":"Danlos FX, Voisin AL, Dyevre V,  Safety and efficacy of anti-programmed death 1 antibodies in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune or inflammatory disease. Eur J Cancer 2018;91:21\u201329."},{"key":"B39","series-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother","first-page":"825","article-title":"Ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma patients with pre-existing autoimmune disorders","volume":"67","author":"K\u00e4hler KC","year":"2018","unstructured":"K\u00e4hler KC, Eigentler TK, Gesierich A,  Ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma patients with pre-existing autoimmune disorders. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018;67:825\u2013834."},{"key":"B40","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"1905","article-title":"Safety of programmed death-1 pathway inhibitors among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and preexisting autoimmune disorders","volume":"36","author":"Leonardi GC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leonardi GC, Gainor JF, Altan M,  Safety of programmed death-1 pathway inhibitors among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and preexisting autoimmune disorders. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:1905\u20131912."},{"key":"B41","series-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","first-page":"2100","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune disease: a nationwide, multicenter cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Tison A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tison A, Quere G, Misery L,  Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune disease: a nationwide, multicenter cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019;71:2100\u20132111."},{"key":"B42","series-title":"J Immunother Cancer","first-page":"e000538","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced urological cancers with pre-existing autoimmune disorders: a retrospective international multicenter study","volume":"8","author":"Martinez Chanza N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martinez Chanza N, Xie W, Issa M,  Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced urological cancers with pre-existing autoimmune disorders: a retrospective international multicenter study. J Immunother Cancer 2020;8:e000538."},{"key":"B43","series-title":"J Immunother","first-page":"362","article-title":"Safety and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune diseases","volume":"44","author":"Yeung C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yeung C, Kartolo A, Holstead R,  Safety and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune diseases. J Immunother 2021;44:362\u2013370."},{"key":"B44","series-title":"Cancer Med","first-page":"7457","article-title":"Preexisting immune-mediated inflammatory disease is associated with improved survival and increased toxicity in melanoma patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Gulati N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gulati N, Celen A, Johannet P,  Preexisting immune-mediated inflammatory disease is associated with improved survival and increased toxicity in melanoma patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Med 2021;10:7457\u20137465."},{"key":"B45","series-title":"Lancet Oncol","first-page":"1480","article-title":"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab alone in advanced melanoma (CheckMate 067): 4-year outcomes of a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"19","author":"Hodi FS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hodi FS, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R,  Nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab alone in advanced melanoma (CheckMate 067): 4-year outcomes of a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2018;19:1480\u20131492."},{"key":"B46","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1853","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006)","volume":"390","author":"Schachter J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schachter J, Ribas A, Long GV,  Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006). Lancet 2017;390:1853\u20131862."},{"key":"B47","series-title":"Lung Cancer","first-page":"114","article-title":"Durvalumab after definitive chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): real-world data on survival and safety from the German Expanded-Access Program (EAP)","volume":"150","author":"Faehling M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faehling M, Schumann C, Christopoulos P,  Durvalumab after definitive chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): real-world data on survival and safety from the German Expanded-Access Program (EAP). Lung Cancer 2020;150:114\u2013122."},{"key":"B48","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"202","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of atezolizumab in patients with autoimmune disease: subgroup analysis of the SAUL study in locally advanced\/metastatic urinary tract carcinoma","volume":"138","author":"Loriot Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Loriot Y, Sternberg CN, Castellano D,  Safety and efficacy of atezolizumab in patients with autoimmune disease: subgroup analysis of the SAUL study in locally advanced\/metastatic urinary tract carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2020;138:202\u2013211."},{"key":"B49","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"24","article-title":"Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmunity or ipilimumab-triggered autoimmunity","volume":"75","author":"Gutzmer R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gutzmer R, Koop A, Meier F,  Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmunity or ipilimumab-triggered autoimmunity. Eur J Cancer 2017;75:24\u201332."},{"key":"B50","series-title":"Lung Cancer","first-page":"5","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients positive for antinuclear antibodies","volume":"130","author":"Yoneshima Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoneshima Y, Tanaka K, Shiraishi Y,  Safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients positive for antinuclear antibodies. Lung Cancer 2019;130:5\u20139."},{"key":"B51","series-title":"Ann Oncol","first-page":"724","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases and immune-checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy: review of the literature and personalized risk-based prevention strategy","volume":"31","author":"Haanen J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haanen J, Ernstoff MS, Wang Y,  Autoimmune diseases and immune-checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy: review of the literature and personalized risk-based prevention strategy. Ann Oncol 2020;31:724\u2013744."},{"key":"B52","series-title":"BMC Rheumatol","first-page":"11","article-title":"Methotrexate treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis: a scoping review on doses and administration routes","volume":"8","author":"Rubio-Romero E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rubio-Romero E, D\u00edaz-Torn\u00e9 C, Moreno-Mart\u00ednez MJ, De-Luz J. Methotrexate treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis: a scoping review on doses and administration routes. BMC Rheumatol 2024;8:11."},{"key":"B53","series-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev","first-page":"e182","article-title":"Cetuximab versus methotrexate in first-line treatment of older, frail patients with inoperable recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (ELAN UNFIT): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"5","author":"Guigay J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guigay J, Ortholan C, Vansteene D,  Cetuximab versus methotrexate in first-line treatment of older, frail patients with inoperable recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (ELAN UNFIT): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Healthy Longev 2024;5:e182\u2013193."},{"key":"B54","series-title":"Semin Oncol","first-page":"152342","article-title":"The interest of therapeutic and pharmacological drug monitoring of methotrexate: a systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Chellal W","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chellal W, Metarfi Y, Ben Khadda Z,  The interest of therapeutic and pharmacological drug monitoring of methotrexate: a systematic review. Semin Oncol 2025;52:152342."},{"key":"B55","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"2121","article-title":"Immunosuppressive therapy in lupus nephritis: the Euro-Lupus Nephritis trial, a randomized trial of low-dose versus high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide","volume":"46","author":"Houssiau FA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Houssiau FA, Vasconcelos C, D\u2019Cruz D,  Immunosuppressive therapy in lupus nephritis: the Euro-Lupus Nephritis trial, a randomized trial of low-dose versus high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:2121\u20132131."},{"key":"B56","series-title":"Cancer Lett","first-page":"217119","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide and analogues; a matter of dose and schedule for dual anticancer activities","volume":"598","author":"Delahousse J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Delahousse J, Molina L, Paci A. Cyclophosphamide and analogues; a matter of dose and schedule for dual anticancer activities. Cancer Lett 2024;598:217119."}],"container-title":["Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/view\/journals\/jnccn\/24\/2\/article-e257106.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jnccn\/24\/2\/article-e257106.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jnccn\/24\/2\/article-e257106.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T13:46:24Z","timestamp":1770644784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/view\/journals\/jnccn\/24\/2\/article-e257106.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2025.7106","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-1405","1540-1413"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-1405","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-1413","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}}}