{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:21:56Z","timestamp":1792167716048,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Harborside Press, LLC","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Esophageal cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Esophageal cancers are histologically classified as squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or adenocarcinoma (EAC), which differ in their etiology, pathology, tumor location, therapeutics, and prognosis. In patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease, systemic therapy can provide palliation, improve survival, and\/or enhance quality of life. The implementation of biomarker testing and immunotherapy has had a significant impact on clinical practice and patient care. 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