{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:16:57Z","timestamp":1783603017284,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Harborside Press, LLC","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold>\n Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common, distressing symptom in patients undergoing hormone therapy for breast and prostate cancer. Although exercise is recommended, it is not suitable for all patients. Passive therapies such as massage and Reiki may offer accessible alternatives. This study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of Reiki and massage therapy in reducing CRF, with Reiki also assessed for potential dose-response effects.\n Patients and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n Adults (age \u226521 years) with breast cancer receiving aromatase inhibitors or with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for at least 8 weeks, who reported moderate CRF (score \u22654\/10), were enrolled if they had completed other cancer treatments at least 2 months prior. Exclusion criteria included planned nonhormonal cancer treatments, use of erythropoietin or darbepoetin, recent professional massage or energy therapy, or contraindications to massage. CRF was assessed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI). ANCOVA, adjusted for baseline values, was used to evaluate between-group differences in BFI total score at week 6. Cohen\n d<\/jats:italic>\n was used to estimate within-group effect sizes. Feasibility was assessed based on recruitment, retention, and adherence.\n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n A total of 87 participants (breast cancer, n=57; prostate cancer, n=30) were randomized to 2 sessions of massage therapy, 2 sessions of Reiki, or 4 sessions of Reiki. All interventions significantly reduced CRF from baseline (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001). Reiki produced greater within-group effect sizes (Cohen\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =0.81\u20131.49 for 2 sessions; 0.99\u20131.49 for 4 sessions) than massage (\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =0.50\u20130.60). The 4-session Reiki group had the largest reductions in total CRF (\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =1.16), worst CRF (\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =1.49), and CRF interference (\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =0.99). Feasibility was high, with 51% recruitment, 94% retention, and 85% adherence.\n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n Reiki and massage are safe, feasible, and promising interventions for managing CRF in patients receiving hormone therapy. Reiki showed the largest improvements, supporting its clinical relevance. Larger trials are needed to confirm these findings and inform CRF management guidelines.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:<\/jats:bold>\n NCT02758756<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2026.7010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:13:12Z","timestamp":1781010792000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility and Efficacy of Reiki Versus Massage for Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients With Breast and Prostate Cancer Receiving Hormone Therapy"],"prefix":"10.6004","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jeremy","family":"McGuire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Roscoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Reschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Mustian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Mattick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Rieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikesha","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Spath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umang","family":"Gada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Peppone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4047","reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Fatigue (PDQ\u00ae)\u2013Health Professional Version","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Fatigue (PDQ\u00ae)\u2013Health Professional Version. Accessed January 30, 2026. Available at: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/treatment\/side-effects\/fatigue\/fatigue-hp-pdq"},{"key":"B2","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"2456","article-title":"Management of fatigue in adult survivors of cancer: ASCO-Society for Integrative Oncology guideline update","volume":"42","author":"Bower JE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bower JE, Lacchetti C, Alici Y, Management of fatigue in adult survivors of cancer: ASCO-Society for Integrative Oncology guideline update. J Clin Oncol 2024;42:2456\u20132487."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol","first-page":"17.","article-title":"Cancer-related fatigue: causes and current treatment options","volume":"21","author":"Thong MSY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thong MSY, van Noorden CJF, Steindorf K, Arndt V. Cancer-related fatigue: causes and current treatment options. 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Psychooncology 2010;19:786\u2013787."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage","first-page":"58","article-title":"Patient perspectives on active vs. passive music therapy for cancer in the inpatient setting: a qualitative analysis","volume":"62","author":"Lynch KA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lynch KA, Emard N, Liou KT, Patient perspectives on active vs. passive music therapy for cancer in the inpatient setting: a qualitative analysis. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021;62:58\u201365."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Support Care Cancer","first-page":"464","article-title":"Massage therapy significantly improves cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"31","author":"Shan S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shan S, Lin L, Fang Q, Massage therapy significantly improves cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 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Pain Manag Nurs 2014;15:897\u2013908."},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Syst Rev","first-page":"72","article-title":"Effects of Reiki therapy on quality of life: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Liu K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu K, Qin Z, Qin Y, Effects of Reiki therapy on quality of life: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Syst Rev 2025;14:72."},{"key":"B20","series-title":"BMC Palliat Care","first-page":"147","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of Reiki on interventions for anxiety: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Guo X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo X, Long Y, Qin Z, Fan Y. Therapeutic effects of Reiki on interventions for anxiety: a meta-analysis. 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J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:1157\u20131169."},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Mol Biol Cell","first-page":"pe2","article-title":"Bioelectricity is a universal multifaced signaling cue in living organisms","volume":"36","author":"Zhang G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang G, Levin M. Bioelectricity is a universal multifaced signaling cue in living organisms. Mol Biol Cell 2025;36:pe2."},{"key":"B28","series-title":"J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Reiki is better than placebo and has broad potential as a complementary health therapy","volume":"22","author":"McManus DE","year":"2017","unstructured":"McManus DE. Reiki is better than placebo and has broad potential as a complementary health therapy. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017;22:1051\u20131057."},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Biol Res Nurs","first-page":"376","article-title":"Immediate effects of Reiki on heart rate variability, cortisol levels, and body temperature in health care professionals with burnout","volume":"13","author":"D\u00edaz-Rodr\u00edguez L","year":"2011","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Rodr\u00edguez L, Arroyo-Morales M, Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as C, Immediate effects of Reiki on heart rate variability, cortisol levels, and body temperature in health care professionals with burnout. Biol Res Nurs 2011;13:376\u2013382."},{"key":"B30","series-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract","first-page":"101328","article-title":"The effects of Reiki on heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and stress levels: a pilot randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study","volume":"43","author":"Bat N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bat N. 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Bioinformation 2025;21:1755\u20131759."},{"key":"B36","series-title":"Adv Mind Body Med","first-page":"20","article-title":"Reiki for mind, body, and spirit support of cancer patients","volume":"22","author":"Miles P","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miles P. Reiki for mind, body, and spirit support of cancer patients. Adv Mind Body Med 2007;22:20\u201326."}],"container-title":["Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/view\/journals\/jnccn\/24\/7\/article-e267010.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jnccn\/24\/7\/article-e267010.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jnccn\/24\/7\/article-e267010.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:41:38Z","timestamp":1783600898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnccn.org\/view\/journals\/jnccn\/24\/7\/article-e267010.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2026.7010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-1405","1540-1413"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-1405","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-1413","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}