{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:38:36Z","timestamp":1789659516071,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21K11662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K11662"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-apem.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Schools in Japan were closed nationwide from March to May 2020 because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many suspect that this school closure affected children\u2019s mental and physical health. We investigated changes in school-age children\u2019s physiques to determine the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown and restrictions on their health.Methods: Data were extracted from a database of school physical examinations in Osaka elementary and junior high schools for 4 consecutive years from 2018 to 2021. The following characteristics were analyzed: short stature, tall stature, underweight, mild obesity, middle grade obesity, and severe obesity. The paired Student t-test was used to compare school examination data in the prepandemic period (2018\u20132019), pandemic lockdown (2019\u20132020), and post-lockdown period (2020\u20132021).Results: Obesity rates in elementary school students aged 6\u201312 years, particularly in boys, were significantly higher during the lockdown than they were in 2019. After the pandemic, the tall stature rate continued to rise, while rates of short stature and underweight decreased in both sexes in 2020. In junior high school students aged 12\u201315 years, rates of obesity and underweight tended to decrease in 2020. However, these rates rebounded and rose in 2021 when the lockdown was lifted.Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, elementary school students gained weight, while junior high school students lost weight. The lockdown that was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic had an unfavorable effect on weight gain, particularly in young school-age children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2244228.114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T02:01:47Z","timestamp":1687917707000},"page":"124-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6065\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the physique of school-age children in Japan"],"prefix":"10.6065","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0571-9044","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junji","family":"Takaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Higashino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuzo","family":"Takaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitsuo","family":"Tanoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Higashide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisako","family":"Moriguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4096","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030930"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020383"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78438-4"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267601"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22813"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.15036"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"History of school health (in Japanese) [Internet]"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"","author":"Murata","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.2536"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082698"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Osaka City Reiwa 2nd year school status survey (in Japanese) [Internet]"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15182"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"10","volume-title":"","author":"Murata","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.29397"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1343","volume-title":"2000 edition of \"Standard Height Table\" and \"Standard Growth Curve\" based on the height standards adopted in the Pediatric Chronic Specific Disease Treatment Research Project","author":"Itho","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21613"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12054"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113788"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2013.08.017"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.578628"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. \"School Health Statistics\" announced (3) Obesity, thinness, and health status [Internet]"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802608"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.27"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2021.48"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"e12453","volume-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on weight status and factors associated with weight gain among adults in Massachusetts","author":"Mulugeta","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-050123"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"2181","volume-title":"Gender differences in weight gain during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents with obesity","author":"Maltoni","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology &amp; 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