{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:42:32Z","timestamp":1787719352028,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015696","name":"National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NHIMC-2022-CR-053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHIMC-2022-CR-053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-apem.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate national trends in central precocious puberty (CPP) incidence in Korean children and to examine the association between early childhood obesity and CPP using linked population-based datasets.Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS, 2012\u20132020) and the Infant\/Toddler Health Check-up Program (2013\u20132016). CPP was defined operationally as having an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code for precocious puberty, NHIS registration for CPP, and at least one year of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment initiated before age 8 in girls and 9 in boys. Children with at least 3 health screenings before 6 years of age were included for body mass index (BMI) analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for CPP across BMI categories.Results: A total of 195,892 CPP cases were identified. The incidence of CPP increased steadily from 2012 to 2020 in both sexes. In BMI analysis (n=35,766), CPP risk was significantly higher in the overweight (85th\u201394th percentile) and obese (\u226595th percentile) groups compared to the normal-weight group (5th\u201384th percentile). The association was strongest in obese boys (OR, 2.573; 95% confidence interval, 2.417\u20132.739). Underweight status (&lt;5th percentile) was associated with reduced CPP risk.Conclusion: CPP incidence in Korea has increased in recent years. Early childhood obesity is a strong, independent risk factor for CPP, particularly in boys. Early weight management strategies may help reduce CPP risk.a<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2550024.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:09Z","timestamp":1766966409000},"page":"313-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6065\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence of central precocious puberty and the role of body mass index in Korea"],"prefix":"10.6065","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2694-7679","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"In-Hyuk","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4096","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.5881"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.15665"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10020241"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac148"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-024-01434-8"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.46873"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310646"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.12.022"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141844"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-4642(18)30306-7"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000544837"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000516171"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Connections between obesity and puberty: invited by Manuel Tena-Sempere, Cordoba","author":"Huang","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Section on Endocrinology, American Academy of Pediatrics. Evaluation and referral of children with signs of early puberty","author":"Kaplowitz","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.2.5533"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Update on precocious puberty: who should be treated?","author":"Kaplowitz","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-apem.org\/upload\/pdf\/apem-2550024-012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-apem.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.6065\/apem.2550024.012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-apem.org\/upload\/pdf\/apem-2550024-012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:15Z","timestamp":1766966415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-apem.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.6065\/apem.2550024.012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6065\/apem.2550024.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2287-1012","2287-1292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2287-1012","type":"print"},{"value":"2287-1292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}