{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:47:09Z","timestamp":1777625229785,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006013","name":"United Arab Emirates University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-apem.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with metabolic dysregulation, obesity, and increased risk of chronic inflammation. This study aimed to assess subclinical inflammation in children with DS by evaluating inflammatory biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and their association with metabolic parameters including ghrelin, lipid profiles, and vitamin D levels.Methods: A total of 49 children with DS (aged 1\u201318 years) and 22 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Anthropometric data, body fat percentage, and metabolic parameters were assessed. Inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, apolipoprotein-B [Apo B], adiponectin), metabolic hormones (ghrelin, insulin), and lipid profiles were determined from venous blood samples. Statistical analyses included bivariate correlation, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression to identify predictors of inflammation.Results: Children with DS exhibited significantly higher hs-CRP levels than controls (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.03), indicative of increased systemic inflammation. Higher hs-CRP levels were associated with older age (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;\/i&gt;=0.33, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.006), greater obesity (body mass index: &lt;i&gt;r&lt;\/i&gt;=0.32, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.011), and elevated serum insulin and low-density lipoprotein levels. Ghrelin levels correlated negatively with Apo B (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;\/i&gt;=-0.41, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;0.001) and positively with hs-CRP (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;\/i&gt;=0.30, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.012). Predictors of inflammation (based on hs-CRP) included older age, male sex, higher gamma-glutamyl transferase level, and a diagnosis of DS (adjusted R\u00b2=0.276).Conclusion: Children with DS are prone to metabolic inflammation, with increasing age and obesity exacerbating inflammatory responses. Clinicians should monitor and manage weight, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in this population to prevent long-term complications such as cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2550148.074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:56:08Z","timestamp":1777420568000},"page":"119-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6065\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subclinical inflammation in children with Down syndrome: implications for preventive care"],"prefix":"10.6065","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2816-598X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charu","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9280-9709","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Jawad","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3622-6235","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tarek El","family":"Azzabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Al Ain Hospital, Al Ain, UAE"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Hospital, Al Ain, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5991-8340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sania Al","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United 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