{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T05:50:49Z","timestamp":1768369849193,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Asociaci\u00f3n Argentina de Ret\u00f3rica","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["r"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article explores Paul Ric\u0153ur\u2019s philosophical reflections on the intersection of rhetoric and historiography, with particular attention to how narrative configuration and imagination play a central role in the representation of historical reality. Drawing primarily from La M\u00e9taphore vive, Temps et r\u00e9cit, and La M\u00e9moire, l\u2019histoire, l\u2019oubli, the article examines how Ric\u0153ur conceives of the narrative act as a synthesis of epistemological rigor and rhetorical strategy. Ric\u0153ur argues that historical discourse cannot be reduced to mere factual reconstruction or to narrative artifice; rather, it involves a dynamic interplay between proof (documentary evidence), explanation and persuasion (rhetorical imagination, narrative configuration). The article emphasizes the ethical and cognitive function of rhetoric, especially through the concept of faire voir\u2014the act of \u201cmaking see\u201d\u2014which grants narrative its emotional and moral intensity. Drawing on Aristotle\u2019s enargeia\/energeia, as well as insights from Louis Marin and Hayden White, Ric\u0153ur discusses the visual and affective power of metaphor and narrative in shaping historical understanding. Particular attention is given to how historiography deals with singular, traumatic events such as the Holocaust, where the vividness and visibility afforded by narrative imagination serve both mnemonic and ethical purposes. The article ultimately contends that Ric\u0153ur offers a robust epistemological framework for understanding the unique referentiality of historical discourse\u2014one that resists both na\u00efve realism and radical constructivism. In times marked by post-truth and disinformation, Ric\u0153ur\u2019s insistence on the bond between narrative, reference, and truth proves more relevant than ever. His thought warns against rhetorical closure and highlights the responsibility of historians to maintain both critical distance and ethical engagement through narrative representation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.61146\/retor.v15.n2.267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:57:14Z","timestamp":1768345034000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proof and persuasion: The powers of classical rhetoric in Paul Ric\u0153ur's philosophy"],"prefix":"10.61146","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8153-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martinho Tom\u00e9","family":"Martins Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"39829","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1903","unstructured":"Calame C. (1991). Quand dire c\u2019est faire voir: l\u2019\u00e9vidence dans la rh\u00e9torique antique. \u00c9tudes de Lettres, 4, 3-22."},{"key":"1904","unstructured":"Booth, W. (1961). The Rhetoric of fiction. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"1905","unstructured":"Charles, M. (1977). Rh\u00e9torique de la Lecture. Paris: \u00c9d. du Seuil."},{"key":"1906","unstructured":"Eire, A. L. (2002), Po\u00e9ticas y ret\u00f3ricas griegas. Madrid: Sintesis."},{"key":"1907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartog, F. (2005). \u00c9vidence de l\u2019histoire. Paris: Gallimard.","DOI":"10.4000\/books.editionsehess.1373"},{"key":"1908","unstructured":"Hester, H. (1967). The Meaning of Poetic Metaphor. La Haye: Mouton."},{"key":"1909","unstructured":"J\u00fanior, M. A. (2005). Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o. In Arist\u00f3teles. Ret\u00f3rica (trad. M. A. J\u00fanior, P. Alberto, A. Pena.). Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda."},{"key":"1910","unstructured":"Kemman, A. (1996). Evidentia. In G. Ueding (Ed.), Historisches W\u00f6rterbuch der Rhetorik (pp. 33-47). T\u00fcbingen: Bd. 3."},{"key":"1911","unstructured":"Marin, L. (1981). Le portrait du roi. Paris: Minuit."},{"key":"1912","unstructured":"Marin, L. (1993). Des pouvoirs de l\u2019image. Paris: Seuil."},{"key":"1913","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plett, H. F. (2012). Enargeia in Classical Antiquity and the Early Modern Age: The Aesthetics of Evidence. Leiden\/Boston: Brill.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004231184"},{"key":"1914","unstructured":"Ricoeur, P. (1975). La m\u00e9taphore vive. Paris: \u00c9d. du Seuil."},{"key":"1915","unstructured":"Ricoeur, P. (1983). Temps et r\u00e9cit I: L\u2019intrigue et le r\u00e9cit historique. Paris: \u00c9d. du Seuil."},{"key":"1916","unstructured":"Ricoeur, P. (1985). Temps et r\u00e9cit III: Le temps racont\u00e9. Paris: \u00c9d. du Seuil."},{"key":"1917","unstructured":"Ricoeur, P. (1995). R\u00e9flexion faite: autobiographie intellectuelle. Paris: Esprit."},{"key":"1918","unstructured":"Ricoeur, P. (1996). Between Rhetoric and Poetics. In A. O. Rorty (Ed.), Essays on Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric (pp. 324\u201384). Berkeley: University of California Press."},{"key":"1919","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricoeur, P. (1997). Rhetoric, Poetics, Hermeneutics. In J. Walter & J. H. Michael (Eds.), Rhetoric and Hermeneuties in Our Time (pp. 60-72). New Haven: Yale University Press.","DOI":"10.12987\/9780300146448-004"},{"key":"1920","unstructured":"Riceur, P. (2000). La M\u00e9moire, l\u2019Histoire, l\u2019Oubli. Paris: \u00c9d. Du Seuil."},{"key":"1921","unstructured":"Ritivoi, A. D. (2006). Paul Ricoeur: Tradition and Innovation in Rhetorical Theory. New York: State University of New York Press."},{"key":"1922","unstructured":"Ross W. D. (1959). Aristotle. Ars Rhetorica. Oxford: Clarendon Press."},{"key":"1923","unstructured":"Soares (2014). Hist\u00f3ria e Fic\u00e7\u00e3o em Paul Ricoeur e Tuc\u00eddides. Porto: Funda\u00e7\u00e3o E.A.A. Dispon\u00edvel em https:\/\/ucdigitalis.uc.pt\/pombalina\/item\/56824"},{"key":"1924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soares, M. (2017). Histoire et v\u00e9rit\u00e9 chez Paul Ric\u0153ur et Thucydide: mimesis et enargeia. \u00c9tudes Ric\u0153uriennes\/Ric\u0153ur Studies 8(1), 9-31. http:\/\/ricoeur.pitt.edu DOI 10.5195\/errs.2017.393","DOI":"10.5195\/errs.2017.393"},{"key":"1925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, A. D. (1993). Enargeia and the Spectator in Greek Historiography. TAPhA 123, 353-377.","DOI":"10.2307\/284335"},{"key":"1926","unstructured":"Webb, R. (2009). Ekphrasis, imagination and persuasion in ancient rhetorical theory and practice. Surrey: Ashgate."},{"key":"1927","unstructured":"White, H. (1973). Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in nineteenth-century Europe. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press."},{"key":"1928","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, H. (1985). Tropics of Discourse: essays in a cultural criticism. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801821271"},{"key":"1929","unstructured":"Zanker, G. (1981). Enargeia in the Ancient Criticism of Poetry. 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