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Although metabolic diseases are common in both women and men, certain pathological and clinical features exhibit sex-specific differences, as do psychiatric disorders. Importantly, as part of a broader network of peptides and hormones regulating ingestive and reward-related behaviors, GLP-1 appears to have stronger effects on appetite suppression, glycemic regulation, and body weight loss in females compared with males\u2014though sex differences in its psychiatric effects remain underexplored. We utilized RNAscope to create a comprehensive atlas of sex-specific (n = 3 per sex) GLP-1 expressing sites in the murine brain. Notably, in the hindbrain,\n                      <jats:italic>Glp1<\/jats:italic>\n                      densities and total numbers of\n                      <jats:italic>Glp1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -expressing neurons in the raphe obscurus nucleus, ventral and ventrolateral parts of the solitary nucleus were higher in females compared with males. In the olfactory bulb,\n                      <jats:italic>Glp1<\/jats:italic>\n                      densities were greater in the granular cell layer of males in comparison with females. Collectively, this atlas should serve as a resource to advance our understanding of GLP-1's central functions in both metabolic and psychiatric contexts.\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.61373\/bm026a.0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T10:51:47Z","timestamp":1773139907000},"page":"21-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Atlas of GLP-1 expression in the mouse brain: Neuroanatomical basis for metabolic and psychiatric effects"],"prefix":"10.61373","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8068-4577","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vitaly","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1449-4000","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anisa","family":"Gumerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2015-9310","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georgii","family":"Pevnev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6000-8827","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tony","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5911-9522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mone","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"40195","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"R1","series-title":"Diabetologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00291980","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 but not glucagon-like peptide-2 stimulates insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets","volume":"28","year":"1985","unstructured":"Schmidt WE, Siegel EG, Creutzfeldt W. 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