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Surgical treatment may be considered in cases with persistent symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.61409\/v08250660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:24:28Z","timestamp":1780986268000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tympanic membrane perforation"],"prefix":"10.61409","author":[{"given":"Sally","family":"Zoorob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Toft-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Lyneborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"40208","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lou ZC, Lou ZH, Zhang QP. Traumatic tympanic membrane perforations: a study of etiology and factors affecting outcome. Am J Otolaryngol. 2012;33(5):549-55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjoto.2012.01.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2012.01.010"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Orji FT, Agu CC. Determinants of spontaneous healing in traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane. Clin Otolaryngol. 2008;33(5):420-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2008.01764.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2008.01764.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verhoeff M, van der Veen EL, Rovers MM et al. Chronic suppurative otitis media: a review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70(1):1-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.08.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.08.021"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Dansk Otologisk Selskab. Mellem\u00f8rekolesteatom, cholesteatoma auris media, 2024. https:\/\/dsohh.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Mellemoerekolesteatom_rev2024_final.pdf (19. mar 2026)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Castelhano L, Correia F, Cola\u00e7o T et al. Tympanic membrane perforations: the importance of etiology, size and location. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022;279(9):4325-4333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-021-07186-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-07186-6"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim AS, Betz JF, Reed NS et al. Prevalence of tympanic membrane perforations among adolescents, adults, and older adults in the United States. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022;167(2):356-358. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1177\/01945998211062153","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211062153"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MacKeith S, Mulvaney CA, Galbraith K et al. Ventilation tubes (grommets) for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;11(11):CD015215. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1002\/14651858.CD015215.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD015215.pub2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown C, Behar P. Factors affecting persistent tympanic membrane perforation after tympanostomy tube removal in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;130:109779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109779"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Brar S, Watters C, Winters R. Tympanoplasty. StatPearls Publishing, 2023"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hardman J, Muzaffar J, Nankivell P, Coulson C. Tympanoplasty for chronic tympanic membrane perforation in children: systematic review and meta-analysis. Otol Neurotol. 2015;36(5):796-804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000767","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000767"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u00c7ayir S, Kayaba\u015fi S. Type 1 tympanoplasty in pediatric patients: comparison of fascia and perichondrium grafts. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;121:95-98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.03.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.03.007"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u00d6zdamar K, Sen A. Comparison of the anatomical and functional success of fascia and perichondrium grafts in transcanal endoscopic type I tympanoplasty. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;48(1):67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40463-019-0386-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-019-0386-z"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen K, Zhao R. Comparison of cartilage and temporalis fascia grafts in type 1 tympanoplasty: a meta-analysis. Ear Nose Throat J. 2025;104(8):NP476-NP489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01455613221137122","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613221137122"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spiegel JH, Kessler JL. Tympanic membrane repair with acellular porcine small intestinal submucosa. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26(4):563-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mao.0000169636.63440.4e","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000169636.63440.4e"}],"container-title":["Ugeskrift for L\u00e6ger"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:18:22Z","timestamp":1786688302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ugeskriftet.dk\/videnskab\/V08250660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"references-count":14,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61409\/v08250660","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-5782","1603-6824"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-5782","type":"print"},{"value":"1603-6824","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]}}}