{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T22:30:56Z","timestamp":1788215456471,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Danish Medical Association","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ugeskr L\u00e6ger"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this review is described, that men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) usually have azoospermia, and only a few have obtained paternity with ejaculated sperm. In Denmark, we performed surgery (micro-TESE or subcapsular orchiectomy) in 93 men with KS and obtained testicular sperm in 42% (39). More than ten children are now born, and several couples still have sperm and embryos cryopreserved with the potential to increase the live birth rate further. Since sperm in men with KS originate from cell lines with a normal chromosome number, children born with a father with KS usually have a normal karyotype and are healthy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.61409\/v10240694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T03:49:37Z","timestamp":1742960977000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fertility treatment of men with Klinefelter syndrome"],"prefix":"10.61409","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Fedder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Skakkeb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Fuglesang S.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus H.","family":"Gravholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"40208","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klinefelter H, Reifenstein EC, Albright F. Syndrome characterized by gynecomastia, aspermatogenesis without a-leydigism and increased excretion of follicle-stimulationg hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1942;(2):615-627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-2-11-615","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-2-11-615"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021491","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal prevalence of Klinefelter syndrome: A national registry study","volume":"88","author":"Bojesen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bojesen A, Juul S, Gravholt CH. Prenatal and postnatal prevalence of Klinefelter syndrome: A national registry study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88(2):622-6.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gravholt CH, Chang S, Wallentin M et al. Klinefelter syndrome: integrating genetics, neuropsychology and endocrinology. Endocrine Rev 2018;39(4):389-423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-2-11-615","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-2-11-615"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Steirteghem AC, Nagy Z, Joris H et al. High fertilization and implantation rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod. 1993;8(7):1061-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138192","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138192"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schlegel PN. Testicular sperm extraction microdissection improves sperm yield with minimal tissue excision. Hum Reprod. 1999;14(1):131-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.131","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.131"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T\u00fcttelmann F, Damm OS, Luetjens CM et al. 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Int J Androl. 2010;33(4):581-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.00979.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.00979.x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joerg H, Janett F, Schlatt et al. Germ cell transplantation in an azoospermic Klinefelter bull. Biol Reprod. 2003;69(6):1940-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/110.1095\/biolreprod.103.020297","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.020297"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Winge SB, Skakkeb\u00e6k NE, Aksgl\u00e6de L et al. X-chromosome loss rescues Sertoli cell maturation and spermatogenesis in Klinefelter syndrome. Cell death dis. 2024;15(6):396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-024-06792-6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06792-6"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rohayem J, Nieschlag E, Zitzman M, Kliesch S. Testicular function during puberty and young adulthood in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome with and without spermatozoa in seminal fluid. 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Hum Reprod. 2000;15(2):440-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/15.2.440","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.2.440"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu Y, Xi Q, Jing J et al. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome of ejaculated spermatozoa from a man with mosaic Klinefelter's Syndrome: case report and literature review. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(10):4323-4331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060518788757","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518788757"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Fedder J. Infertilitet for\u00e5rsaget af azoospermi. \u00c5rsager, unders\u00f8gelsesmetoder og behandlingsstrategier. Ugeskr L\u00e6ger 1999;161:6472-6477."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fedder J, Fagerberg C, J\u00f8rgensen MW et al. Complete or partial loss of the Y chromosome in an unselected cohort of 865 non-vasectomized, azoospermic men. 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Surgical sperm retrieval rate in men with Klinefelter syndrome is associated with testicular volume - but not with body constitution or Sertoli cell markers. Hum Reprod. 2024;39(supplementum 1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deae108.386","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae108.386"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"An G, Zou Z, Flannigan R et al. Outcome of oocyte vitrification combined with microdissection testicular sperm extraction and aspiration for assisted reproduction in men. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:1379-1386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/msm.909026","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.909026"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Corona G, Pizzacaro A, Lanfranco F et al. Sperm recovery and ICSI outcomes in Klinefelter syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2017;23(3):265-275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmx008","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx008"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ron-El R, Strassburger D, Gelman-Kohan S. A 47,XXY fetus conceived after ICSI of spermatozoa from a patient with non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome: case report. Hum Reprod. 2000;15(8):1804-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/15.8.1804","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.8.1804"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wikstr\u00f6m AM, Raivio T, Hadziselimovic F et al. Klinefelter syndrome in adolescence onset of puberty is associated with accelerated germ cell depletion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(5):2263-70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2003-031725","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031725"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Franik S, Hoeijmakers Y, D'Hauwers K et al. 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