{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:55:37Z","timestamp":1793145337489,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"e-Century Publishing Corporation","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Transl Res"],"DOI":"10.62347\/dmqo5042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T07:49:12Z","timestamp":1760082552000},"page":"7408-7425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum Homocysteine (Hcy), Cystatin C (Cys-C), and Urine Microalbumin (mAlb) are critical for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.62347","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Changying","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"48694","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Lu WN and Li H. The interpretation of national guidelines for the prevention and control of diabetes in primary care (2018), early diagnosis, standard evaluation and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2019; 58: 789-792."},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"391","author":"Perkovic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perkovic V, Tuttle KR, Rossing P, Mahaffey KW, Mann JFE, Bakris G, Baeres FMM, Idorn T, Bosch-Traberg H, Lausvig NL and Pratley R; FLOW Trial Committees and Investigators. Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2024; 391: 109-121.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067584","article-title":"Estimated lifetime cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality benefits of combination treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal MRA compared with conventional care in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria","volume":"149","author":"Neuen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neuen BL, Heerspink HJL, Vart P, Claggett BL, Fletcher RA, Arnott C, de Oliveira Costa J, Falster MO, Pearson SA, Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Agarwal R, Bakris G, Perkovic V, Solomon SD and Vaduganathan M. Estimated lifetime cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality benefits of combination treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal MRA compared with conventional care in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. Circulation 2024; 149: 450-462.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-1874","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk for dialysis and cardiovascular disease in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease","volume":"177","author":"Yen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yen FS, Hwu CM, Liu JS, Wu YL, Chong K and Hsu CC. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk for dialysis and cardiovascular disease in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177: 693-700.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03133-0","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide with and without concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor use in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in the FLOW trial","volume":"30","author":"JFE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mann JFE, Rossing P, Bakris G, Belmar N, Bosch-Traberg H, Busch R, Charytan DM, Hadjadj S, Gillard P, Górriz JL, Idorn T, Ji L, Mahaffey KW, Perkovic V, Rasmussen S, Schmieder RE, Pratley RE and Tuttle KR. Effects of semaglutide with and without concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor use in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in the FLOW trial. Nat Med 2024; 30: 2849-2856.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1420","article-title":"Outcomes with finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by baseline insulin resistance","volume":"47","author":"Ebert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ebert T, Anker SD, Ruilope LM, Fioretto P, Fonseca V, Umpierrez GE, Birkenfeld AL, Lawatscheck R, Scott C, Rohwedder K and Rossing P; FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD Investigators. Outcomes with finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by baseline insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 2024; 47: 362-370.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01158-w","article-title":"Lupus nephritis-related chronic kidney disease","volume":"20","author":"Lichtnekert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lichtnekert J and Anders HJ. Lupus nephritis-related chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20: 699-711.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03264-4","article-title":"Finerenone in heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: FINE-HEART pooled analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vaduganathan M, Filippatos G, Claggett BL, Desai AS, Jhund PS, Henderson A, Brinker M, Kolkhof P, Schloemer P, Lay-Flurrie J, Viswanathan P, Lam CSP, Senni M, Shah SJ, Voors AA, Zannad F, Rossing P, Ruilope LM, Anker SD, Pitt B, Agarwal R, McMurray JJV and Solomon SD. Finerenone in heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: FINE-HEART pooled analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes. Nat Med 2024; 30: 3758-3764.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cashmore BA, Cooper TE, Evangelidis NM, Green SC, Lopez-Vargas P and Tunnicliffe DJ. Education programmes for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 8: CD007374.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007374.pub3"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang X, Chen L, Shi K, Lv J, Sun D, Pei P, Yang L, Chen Y, Du H, Liu J, Yang X, Barnard M, Chen J, Chen Z, Li L and Yu C; China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group. Diabetes and chronic kidney disease in Chinese adults: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12: e003721.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2023-003721"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vart P, Butt JH, Jongs N, Schechter M, Chertow GM, Wheeler DC, Pecoits-Filho R, Langkilde AM, Correa-Rotter R, Rossing P, McMurray JJV and Heerspink HJL. Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease across the spectrum of frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79: glad181.","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad181"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15611","article-title":"Factors affecting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors-related initial decline in glomerular filtration rate and its possible effect on kidney outcome in chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: The Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database","volume":"26","author":"Kanaoka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kanaoka T, Wakui H, Yano Y, Nagasu H, Kanegae H, Nangaku M, Hirakawa Y, Nakagawa N, Wada J, Tsuruya K, Nakano T, Maruyama S, Wada T, Konishi M, Nagahiro T, Yamagata K, Narita I, Yanagita M, Terada Y, Araki S, Emoto M, Okada H, Isaka Y, Suzuki Y, Yokoo T, Kataoka H, Kanda E, Kashihara N and Tamura K; J-CKD-DB investigators. Factors affecting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors-related initial decline in glomerular filtration rate and its possible effect on kidney outcome in chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: The Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26: 2905-2914.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15623","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients without diabetes, with and without albuminuria","volume":"26","author":"Nakhleh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nakhleh A, Abdul-Ghani M, Gazit S, Gross A, Livnat I, Greenbloom M, Yarden A, Khazim K, Shehadeh N and Melzer Cohen C. Real-world effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients without diabetes, with and without albuminuria. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26: 3058-3067.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02773-x","article-title":"Dapagliflozin utilization in chronic kidney disease and its real-world effectiveness among patients with lower levels of albuminuria in the USA and Japan","volume":"41","author":"Tangri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tangri N, Rastogi A, Nekeman-Nan C, Hong LS, Ozaki A, Franzén S and Sofue T. Dapagliflozin utilization in chronic kidney disease and its real-world effectiveness among patients with lower levels of albuminuria in the USA and Japan. Adv Ther 2024; 41: 1151-1167.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.11.025","article-title":"A population-based cohort defined risk of hyperkalemia after initiating SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP1 receptor agonists or DPP-4 inhibitors to patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"105","author":"EL","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu EL, Mastrorilli J, Bykov K, Wexler DJ, Cervone A, Lin KJ, Patorno E and Paik JM. A population-based cohort defined risk of hyperkalemia after initiating SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP1 receptor agonists or DPP-4 inhibitors to patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Kidney Int 2024; 105: 618-628.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067620","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism prevents aortic plaque progression and reduces left ventricular mass and fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the MAGMA trial","volume":"150","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rajagopalan S, Dobre M, Dazard JE, Vergara-Martel A, Connelly K, Farkouh ME, Gaztanaga J, Conger H, Dever A, Razavi-Nematollahi L, Fares A, Pereira G, Edwards-Glenn J, Cameron M, Cameron C, Al-Kindi S, Brook RD, Pitt B and Weir M. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism prevents aortic plaque progression and reduces left ventricular mass and fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the MAGMA trial. Circulation 2024; 150: 663-676.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15518","article-title":"Aldosterone synthase inhibitor (BI 690517) therapy for people with diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase I trial","volume":"26","author":"Bornstein","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bornstein SR, de Zeeuw D, Heerspink HJL, Schulze F, Cronin L, Wenz A, Tuttle KR, Hadjadj S and Rossing P. Aldosterone synthase inhibitor (BI 690517) therapy for people with diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase I trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26: 2128-2138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-024-01295-3","article-title":"Hyperuricemia: an intriguing connection to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Vareldzis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vareldzis R, Perez A and Reisin E. Hyperuricemia: an intriguing connection to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26: 237-245.","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae106","article-title":"The long-term effects of dapagliflozin in chronic kidney disease: a time-to-event analysis","volume":"39","author":"McEwan","year":"2024","unstructured":"McEwan P, Gabb PD, Davis JA, Garcia Sanchez JJ, Sjöström CD, Barone S, Kashioulis P, Ouwens M, Cassimaty S, Correa-Rotter R, Rossing P, Wheeler DC and Heerspink HJL. The long-term effects of dapagliflozin in chronic kidney disease: a time-to-event analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39: 2040-2047.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14791641211058856","DOI":"10.1177\/14791641211058856","article-title":"Early detection of diabetic nephropathy in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Thipsawat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thipsawat S. Early detection of diabetic nephropathy in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of the literature. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2021; 18: 14791641211058856.","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15773","article-title":"The potential role of finerenone in patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Escobar Vasco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Escobar Vasco MA, Fantaye SH, Raghunathan S and Solis-Herrera C. The potential role of finerenone in patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26: 4135-4146.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15652","article-title":"Effect of preceding drug therapy on the renal and cardiovascular outcomes of combined sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"study group","year":"2024","unstructured":"RECAP study group; Tsukamoto S, Kobayashi K, Toyoda M, Tone A, Kawanami D, Suzuki D, Tsuriya D, Machimura H, Shimura H, Wakui H, Takeda H, Yokomizo H, Takeshita K, Chin K, Kanasaki K, Miyauchi M, Saburi M, Morita M, Yomota M, Kimura M, Hatori N, Nakajima S, Ito S, Murata T, Matsushita T, Furuki T, Hashimoto T, Umezono T, Muta Y, Takashi Y and Tamura K. Effect of preceding drug therapy on the renal and cardiovascular outcomes of combined sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26: 3248-3260.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15387","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: insights based on FIGARO-DKD and FIDELIO-DKD","volume":"26","author":"Eissing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eissing T, Goulooze SC, van den Berg P, van Noort M, Ruppert M, Snelder N, Garmann D, Lippert J, Heinig R, Brinker M and Heerspink HJL. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: insights based on FIGARO-DKD and FIDELIO-DKD. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26: 924-936.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ajtr\/17\/9\/ajtr0163905.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T05:59:24Z","timestamp":1769061564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ajtr\/17\/9\/ajtr0163905.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62347\/dmqo5042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-8141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-8141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}