{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T09:08:33Z","timestamp":1779440913230,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"e-Century Publishing Corporation","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Transl Res"],"DOI":"10.62347\/gsrs6558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T07:38:23Z","timestamp":1765179503000},"page":"9055-9065","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation between intraorbital structural alterations and diplopia in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: an MRI-based study"],"prefix":"10.62347","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lianbi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"48694","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01246-7","article-title":"Clinical features and clinical course of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a case series of 3620 Chinese cases","volume":"35","author":"Du","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du B, Wang Y, Yang M and He W. Clinical features and clinical course of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a case series of 3620 Chinese cases. Eye (Lond) 2021; 35: 2294-2301.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-019-01141-3","article-title":"Orbital diseases mimicking Graves’ orbitopathy: a long-standing challenge in differential diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"Marin&#xF2","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marinò M, Ionni I, Lanzolla G, Sframeli A, Latrofa F, Rocchi R and Marcocci C. Orbital diseases mimicking Graves’ orbitopathy: a long-standing challenge in differential diagnosis. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43: 401-411.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-025-03535-0","article-title":"Thyroid-related orbitopathy: clinical overview, novel medical treatments and the role of orbital surgery","volume":"45","author":"Giannuzzi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Giannuzzi F, Carlà MM, Crincoli E, Gambini G, Hu L, Boselli F, Cuffaro G, Parrilla C, Rigante M, Pagliara MM, Rizzo S and Savino G. Thyroid-related orbitopathy: clinical overview, novel medical treatments and the role of orbital surgery. Int Ophthalmol 2025; 45: 160.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kahaly GJ, Xi A, Barretto N, Patel H, Qashqai A, Shokoohi M, Spin P and Holt RJ. Teprotumumab improves quality of life in thyroid eye disease: meta-analysis and matching-adjusted indirect comparison. J Endocr Soc 2025; 9: bvaf063.","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf063"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.3225","article-title":"Utility assessment of moderate to severe thyroid eye disease health states","volume":"141","author":"Smith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smith TJ, Cockerham K, Lelli G, Choudhary C, Taylor S, Barretto N, Enstone A, Oliver L, Lynch J and Holt RJ. Utility assessment of moderate to severe thyroid eye disease health states. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141: 159-166.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-22-814","article-title":"Evaluation of activity of Graves’ orbitopathy with multiparameter orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng J, Zhang X, Lian J, Piao Z, Zhou L, Gou X, Chen C, Chen L, Jiang K, Cheng J, Ji L and Hong N. Evaluation of activity of Graves’ orbitopathy with multiparameter orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13: 3040-3049.","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72787-4","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for Graves’ ophthalmopathy","volume":"119","author":"Bartley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bartley GB and Gorman CA. Diagnostic criteria for Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1995; 119: 792-795.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.03.027","article-title":"Inter-observer variability of clinical activity score: assessments in patients with thyroid eye disease","volume":"252","author":"Perros","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perros P, Žarković M, Pearce SH, Razvi S, Kolli H and Dickinson AJ. Inter-observer variability of clinical activity score: assessments in patients with thyroid eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 252: 94-100.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19445","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76341-6","article-title":"Histogram analysis of T2 mapping for detecting early involvement of extraocular muscles in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu P, Chen L, Wang QX, Luo B, Su HH, Yuan G, Jiang GH and Zhang J. Histogram analysis of T2 mapping for detecting early involvement of extraocular muscles in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 19445.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/2576117X.2024.2334968","article-title":"Inferior rectus muscle y-split for thyroid-related vertical strabismus","volume":"74","author":"Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee YH, Pineles SL, Ploysangam P and Velez FG. Inferior rectus muscle y-split for thyroid-related vertical strabismus. J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2024; 74: 65-68.","journal-title":"J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6876","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216876","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of bilateral inferior rectus muscle recession for restrictive strabismus secondary to thyroid eye disease","volume":"12","author":"Someda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Someda SK, Umezawa N, Vaidya A, Kakizaki H and Takahashi Y. Surgical outcomes of bilateral inferior rectus muscle recession for restrictive strabismus secondary to thyroid eye disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12: 6876.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030422","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1030422","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of surgical treatment of thyroid-associated orbitopathy restrictive strabismus","volume":"13","author":"Savino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Savino G, Mattei R, Salerni A, Fossataro C and Pafundi PC. Long-term follow-up of surgical treatment of thyroid-associated orbitopathy restrictive strabismus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13: 1030422.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6876","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216876","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of bilateral inferior rectus muscle recession for restrictive strabismus secondary to thyroid eye disease","volume":"12","author":"Someda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Someda SK, Umezawa N, Vaidya A, Kakizaki H and Takahashi Y. Surgical outcomes of bilateral inferior rectus muscle recession for restrictive strabismus secondary to thyroid eye disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12: 6876.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952954","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.952954","article-title":"Research progress on the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: based on immunity, noncoding RNA and exosomes","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng J, Duan H, You S, Liang B, Chen Y and Huang H. Research progress on the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: based on immunity, noncoding RNA and exosomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13: 952954.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4557","article-title":"Double vision is a major manifestation in moderate to severe Graves’ orbitopathy, but it correlates negatively with inflammatory signs and proptosis","volume":"100","author":"Laurberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laurberg P, Berman DC, Pedersen IB, Andersen S and Carlé A. Double vision is a major manifestation in moderate to severe Graves’ orbitopathy, but it correlates negatively with inflammatory signs and proptosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100: 2098-2105.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392956","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1392956","article-title":"Immune checkpoints: new insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease","volume":"15","author":"Shu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shu X, Shao Y, Chen Y, Zeng C, Huang X and Wei R. Immune checkpoints: new insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15: 1392956.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smith TJ. Understanding pathogenesis intersects with effective treatment for thyroid eye disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107: S13-S26.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac328"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.5.6","article-title":"Deep-learning based automated segmentation and quantitative volumetric analysis of orbital muscle and fat for diagnosis of thyroid eye disease","volume":"65","author":"Alkhadrawi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alkhadrawi AM, Lin LY, Langarica SA, Kim K, Ha SK, Lee NG and Do S. Deep-learning based automated segmentation and quantitative volumetric analysis of orbital muscle and fat for diagnosis of thyroid eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65: 6.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-03138-1","article-title":"Whole-orbit-based multiparametric assessment of disease activity of thyroid eye disease on Dixon MRI","volume":"44","author":"Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xia D, Zhang H, Wang H, Jiang M, Tang Y, Li Y, Sun J, Song X and Zhou H. Whole-orbit-based multiparametric assessment of disease activity of thyroid eye disease on Dixon MRI. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44: 213.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karhanová M, Čivrný J, Kalitová J, Schovánek J, Pašková B, Schreiberová Z and Hübnerová P. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid-associated orbitopathy - experience from practice. a review. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2023; 79: 283-292.","DOI":"10.31348\/2023\/10"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805945","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.805945","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging technology to quantitatively assess abnormal changes in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy","volume":"15","author":"Rui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rui L, Jing L and Zhenchang W. Diffusion tensor imaging technology to quantitatively assess abnormal changes in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15: 805945.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952954","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.952954","article-title":"Research progress on the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: based on immunity, noncoding RNA and exosomes","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng J, Duan H, You S, Liang B, Chen Y and Huang H. Research progress on the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: based on immunity, noncoding RNA and exosomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13: 952954.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-024-01061-7","article-title":"Correlation between extraocular muscle enlargement and thyroid autoantibodies in thyroid eye disease","volume":"68","author":"Koizumi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koizumi T, Tanaka T, Umeda K, Komiyama D and Obata H. Correlation between extraocular muscle enlargement and thyroid autoantibodies in thyroid eye disease. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2024; 68: 250-258.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1315","article-title":"TSH\/IGF-1 receptor cross talk in Graves’ ophthalmopathy pathogenesis","volume":"101","author":"Krieger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krieger CC, Place RF, Bevilacqua C, Marcus-Samuels B, Abel BS, Skarulis MC, Kahaly GJ, Neumann S and Gershengorn MC. TSH\/IGF-1 receptor cross talk in Graves’ ophthalmopathy pathogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101: 2340-7.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173481","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1173481","article-title":"Intestinal permeability is associated with aggravated inflammation and myofibroblast accumulation in Graves’ orbitopathy: the MicroGO study","volume":"14","author":"Fenneman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fenneman AC, van der Spek AH, Hartstra A, Havik S, Salonen A, de Vos WM, Soeters MR, Saeed P, Nieuwdorp M and Rampanelli E. Intestinal permeability is associated with aggravated inflammation and myofibroblast accumulation in Graves’ orbitopathy: the MicroGO study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14: 1173481.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0781-2","article-title":"Strabismus surgery for diplopia in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia","volume":"39","author":"Chatzistefanou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chatzistefanou KI, Brouzas D, Asproudis I, Tsina E, Droutsas KD and Koutsandrea C. Strabismus surgery for diplopia in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39: 213-217.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05760-0","article-title":"Ocular hypertension in patients with active thyroid-associated orbitopathy: a predictor of disease severity, particularly of extraocular muscle enlargement","volume":"260","author":"Karhanov&#xE1","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karhanová M, Kalitová J, Kovář R, Schovánek J, Karásek D, Čivrný J, Hübnerová P, Mlčák P and Šín M. Ocular hypertension in patients with active thyroid-associated orbitopathy: a predictor of disease severity, particularly of extraocular muscle enlargement. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260: 3977-3984.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000002867","article-title":"Clinical and radiologic predictors of response to teprotumumab: a 3D volumetric analysis of 35 patients","volume":"41","author":"Ugradar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ugradar S, Parunakian E, Zimmerman E, Malkhasyan E, Raika P, Douglas RN, Kossler AL and Douglas RS. Clinical and radiologic predictors of response to teprotumumab: a 3D volumetric analysis of 35 patients. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2025; 41: 408-414.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-03017-9","article-title":"Identification of immune-related regulatory networks and diagnostic biomarkers in thyroid eye disease","volume":"44","author":"Tong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tong X and Shen Q. Identification of immune-related regulatory networks and diagnostic biomarkers in thyroid eye disease. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44: 38.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64415-8","article-title":"A comprehensive epigenetic network can influence the occurrence of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy by affecting immune and inflammatory response","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Wu H, Gong X, Yan Y, Li X, Yang R, Wu M and Xu M. A comprehensive epigenetic network can influence the occurrence of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy by affecting immune and inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2024; 14: 13545.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ueland HO, Neset MT, Methlie P, Ueland GÅ, Pakdel F and Rødahl E. Molecular biomarkers in thyroid eye disease: a literature review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39: S19-S28.","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000002466"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moledina M, Roos J and Murthy R. Thyrotropin receptor autoantibody assessment in thyroid eye disease: does the assay type matter? Korean J Ophthalmol 2023; 37: 147-156.","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2022.0131"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim JW, Woo YJ and Yoon JS. Is modified clinical activity score an accurate indicator of diplopia progression in Graves’ orbitopathy patients? Endocr J 2016; 63: 1133-1140.","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0165"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01353-y","article-title":"Correlation between serum anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAbs) and the clinical feature of Graves’ orbitopathy","volume":"44","author":"Nicol&#xEC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nicolì F, Lanzolla G, Mantuano M, Ionni I, Mazzi B, Leo M, Sframeli A, Posarelli C, Maglionico MN, Figus M, Nardi M, Marcocci C and Marinò M. Correlation between serum anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAbs) and the clinical feature of Graves’ orbitopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44: 581-585.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ajtr\/17\/11\/ajtr0168945.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T08:53:02Z","timestamp":1779439982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ajtr\/17\/11\/ajtr0168945.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62347\/gsrs6558","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-8141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-8141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}