{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:38:03Z","timestamp":1786973883130,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"e-Century Publishing Corporation","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Cardiovasc Dis"],"DOI":"10.62347\/mcpc3010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T23:16:28Z","timestamp":1750979788000},"page":"166-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trends and demographic disparities in heart failure mortality rates in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based retrospective study in the United States from 1999 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.62347","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ryan D","family":"Plunkett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"48694","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.02.007","article-title":"Current status and future trends of the global burden of MASLD","volume":"35","author":"Miao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miao L, Targher G, Byrne CD, Cao YY and Zheng MH. Current status and future trends of the global burden of MASLD. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35: 697-707.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30251","article-title":"Global perspectives on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"69","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Younossi Z, Tacke F, Arrese M, Chander Sharma B, Mostafa I, Bugianesi E, Wai-Sun Wong V, Yilmaz Y, George J, Fan J and Vos MB. Global perspectives on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2019; 69: 2672-2682.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000323","article-title":"AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"77","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, Abdelmalek MF, Caldwell S, Barb D, Kleiner DE and Loomba R. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2023; 77: 1797-1835.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001112","article-title":"Resmetirom therapy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: October 2024 updates to AASLD Practice Guidance","volume":"81","author":"Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen VL, Morgan TR, Rotman Y, Patton HM, Cusi K, Kanwal F and Kim WR. Resmetirom therapy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: October 2024 updates to AASLD Practice Guidance. Hepatology 2025; 81: 312-320.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L, Torres-Gonzalez A, Gra-Oramas B, Gonzalez-Fabian L, Friedman SL, Diago M and Romero-Gomez M. Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2015; 149: 367-378, e365; quiz e314-365.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.005"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28785","article-title":"The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Blissett D, Blissett R, Henry L, Stepanova M, Younossi Y, Racila A, Hunt S and Beckerman R. The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe. Hepatology 2016; 64: 1577-1586.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.033","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - a global public health perspective","volume":"70","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Younossi ZM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - a global public health perspective. J Hepatol 2019; 70: 531-544.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29466","article-title":"Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease","volume":"67","author":"Estes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, Younossi Z and Sanyal AJ. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology 2018; 67: 123-133.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6696857","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6696857","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases: the heart of the matter","volume":"2021","author":"Chiriac","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiriac S, Stanciu C, Girleanu I, Cojocariu C, Sfarti C, Singeap AM, Cuciureanu T, Huiban L, Muzica CM, Zenovia S, Nastasa R and Trifan A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases: the heart of the matter. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021: 6696857.","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fudim M, Zhong L, Patel KV, Khera R, Abdelmalek MF, Diehl AM, McGarrah RW, Molinger J, Moylan CA, Rao VN, Wegermann K, Neeland IJ, Halm EA, Das SR and Pandey A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of heart failure among medicare beneficiaries. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10: e021654.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021654"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11629","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111629","article-title":"Pathophysiological molecular mechanisms of obesity: a link between MAFLD and NASH with cardiovascular diseases","volume":"22","author":"Guti&#xE9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guti&#xE9;rrez-Cuevas J, Santos A and Armendariz-Borunda J. Pathophysiological molecular mechanisms of obesity: a link between MAFLD and NASH with cardiovascular diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22: 11629.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1503519","article-title":"Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"377","author":"Diehl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Diehl AM and Day C. Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 2063-2072.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.01.047","article-title":"Geographic variability in liver disease-related mortality rates in the United States","volume":"131","author":"Desai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Desai AP, Mohan P, Roubal AM, Bettencourt R and Loomba R. Geographic variability in liver disease-related mortality rates in the United States. Am J Med 2018; 131: 728-734.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.02.042","article-title":"Disparities in cardiovascular mortality related to heart failure in the United States","volume":"73","author":"Glynn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glynn P, Lloyd-Jones DM, Feinstein MJ, Carnethon M and Khan SS. Disparities in cardiovascular mortality related to heart failure in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73: 2354-2355.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000855","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in heart failure: current state and future directions","volume":"36","author":"Lewsey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lewsey SC and Breathett K. Racial and ethnic disparities in heart failure: current state and future directions. Curr Opin Cardiol 2021; 36: 320-328.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100556","article-title":"Causes of death in patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease and chronic viral Hepatitis B and C","volume":"27","author":"Golabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Golabi P, Paik JM, Eberly K, de Avila L, Alqahtani SA and Younossi ZM. Causes of death in patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease and chronic viral Hepatitis B and C. Ann Hepatol 2022; 27: 100556.","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paik JM, Henry L, Golabi P, Alqahtani SA, Trimble G and Younossi ZM. Presumed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among medicare beneficiaries with HIV, 2006-2016. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7: ofz509.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz509"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-0972-6","article-title":"Prevalence and long-term outcomes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among elderly individuals from the United States","volume":"19","author":"Golabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Golabi P, Paik J, Reddy R, Bugianesi E, Trimble G and Younossi ZM. Prevalence and long-term outcomes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among elderly individuals from the United States. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19: 56.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.007","article-title":"Risk of heart failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"79","author":"Mantovani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Byrne CD, Benfari G, Bonapace S, Simon TG and Targher G. Risk of heart failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79: 180-191.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0010-0","article-title":"Risk of cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"15","author":"Anstee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anstee QM, Mantovani A, Tilg H and Targher G. Risk of cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15: 425-439.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21983","article-title":"Increased mediastinal fat and impaired left ventricular energy metabolism in young men with newly found fatty liver","volume":"47","author":"Perseghin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Perseghin G, Lattuada G, De Cobelli F, Esposito A, Belloni E, Ntali G, Ragogna F, Canu T, Scifo P, Del Maschio A and Luzi L. Increased mediastinal fat and impaired left ventricular energy metabolism in young men with newly found fatty liver. Hepatology 2008; 47: 51-58.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Glynn PA, Molsberry R, Harrington K, Shah NS, Petito LC, Yancy CW, Carnethon MR, Lloyd-Jones DM and Khan SS. Geographic variation in trends and disparities in heart failure mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2017. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10: e020541.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020541"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sillars A, Ho FK, Pell GP, Gill JMR, Sattar N, Gray S and Celis-Morales C. Sex differences in the association of risk factors for heart failure incidence and mortality. Heart 2020; 106: 203-212.","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-314878"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.36628\/ijhf.2020.0004","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in heart failure","volume":"2","author":"Regitz-Zagrosek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Regitz-Zagrosek V. Sex and gender differences in heart failure. Int J Heart Fail 2020; 2: 157-181.","journal-title":"Int J Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pina IL, Jimenez S, Lewis EF, Morris AA, Onwuanyi A, Tam E and Ventura HO. Race and ethnicity in heart failure: JACC focus seminar 8\/9. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78: 2589-2598.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.06.058"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Cheng S, Delling FN, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Ferguson JF, Gupta DK, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Lee CD, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Ma J, Mackey J, Martin SS, Matchar DB, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Roth GA, Samad Z, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Stokes A, VanWagner LB, Wang NY and Tsao CW; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2021 update: a report from the american heart association. Circulation 2021; 143: e254-e743.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.09.012","article-title":"The Association between socioeconomic status, sex, race\/ethnicity and in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure","volume":"28","author":"Averbuch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Averbuch T, Mohamed MO, Islam S, Defilippis EM, Breathett K, Alkhouli MA, Michos ED, Martin GP, Kontopantelis E, Mamas MA and Van Spall HGC. The Association between socioeconomic status, sex, race\/ethnicity and in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure. J Card Fail 2022; 28: 697-709.","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2024.04.001","article-title":"Concerning trends of rising heart failure mortality rates","volume":"12","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bozkurt B. Concerning trends of rising heart failure mortality rates. JACC Heart Fail 2024; 12: 970-972.","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pierce JB, Shah NS, Petito LC, Pool L, Lloyd-Jones DM, Feinglass J and Khan SS. Trends in heart failure-related cardiovascular mortality in rural versus urban United States counties, 2011-2018: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16: e0246813.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246813"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ajcd\/15\/3\/ajcd0163931.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T01:57:13Z","timestamp":1766023033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ajcd\/15\/3\/ajcd0163931.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62347\/mcpc3010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}