{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:12:26Z","timestamp":1783098746190,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"e-Century Publishing Corporation","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Transl Res"],"DOI":"10.62347\/ovou1056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:34:40Z","timestamp":1761899680000},"page":"7980-7990","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response in autoimmune encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.62347","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"48694","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2023.2247482","article-title":"General features, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnostics of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"61","author":"Masciocchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masciocchi S, Businaro P, Scaranzin S, Morandi C, Franciotta D and Gastaldi M. General features, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnostics of autoimmune encephalitis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024; 61: 45-69.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25131","article-title":"Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis","volume":"83","author":"Dubey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Kelly CR, McKeon A, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Lennon VA, Gadoth A, Smith CY, Bryant SC, Klein CJ, Aksamit AJ, Toledano M, Boeve BF, Tillema JM and Flanagan EP. Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2018; 83: 166-177.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000208026","article-title":"Immunotherapy in autoimmune encephalitis: so many options, so few guidelines","volume":"101","author":"Srivastava","year":"2023","unstructured":"Srivastava IN and Van Haren KP. Immunotherapy in autoimmune encephalitis: so many options, so few guidelines. Neurology 2023; 101: 985-986.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790962","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.790962","article-title":"Immunotherapy for refractory autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang J and Liu X. Immunotherapy for refractory autoimmune encephalitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12: 790962.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1","article-title":"Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study","volume":"12","author":"MJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Titulaer MJ, McCracken L, Gabilondo I, Armangu&#xE9; T, Glaser C, Iizuka T, Honig LS, Benseler SM, Kawachi I, Martinez-Hernandez E, Aguilar E, Gresa-Arribas N, Ryan-Florance N, Torrents A, Saiz A, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R, Graus F and Dalmau J. Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12: 157-65.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Balu R, McCracken L, Lancaster E, Graus F, Dalmau J and Titulaer MJ. A score that predicts 1-year functional status in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neurology 2019; 92: e244-e252.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006783"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25421","article-title":"Development of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"85","author":"Lim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lim JA, Lee ST, Moon J, Jun JS, Kim TJ, Shin YW, Abdullah S, Byun JI, Sunwoo JS, Kim KT, Yang TW, Lee WJ, Moon HJ, Kim DW, Lim BC, Cho YW, Yang TH, Kim HJ, Kim YS, Koo YS, Park B, Jung KH, Kim M, Park KI, Jung KY, Chu K and Lee SK. Development of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2019; 85: 352-358.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00392-2","article-title":"Evaluation of CSF albumin quotient in neuronal surface antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"19","author":"Lai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lai QL, Cai MT, Zheng Y, Fang GL, Du BQ, Shen CH, Wang JJ, Weng QJ and Zhang YX. Evaluation of CSF albumin quotient in neuronal surface antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19: 93.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","article-title":"A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Graus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, Benseler S, Bien CG, Cellucci T, Cortese I, Dale RC, Gelfand JM, Geschwind M, Glaser CA, Honnorat J, H&#xF6;ftberger R, Iizuka T, Irani SR, Lancaster E, Leypoldt F, Pr&#xFC;ss H, Rae-Grant A, Reindl M, Rosenfeld MR, Rost&#xE1;sy K, Saiz A, Venkatesan A, Vincent A, Wandinger KP, Waters P and Dalmau J. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15: 391-404.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Yang RN, Ge FF, Jiang JW, Wang Y and Zhang W. Disease characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of Chinese patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective study. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 53: 142-148."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213532","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1213532","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with neuronal surface antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis: a single-center cohort study in China","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang T, Liu F, Wang B, Wang C, Hao M and Guo S. Clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with neuronal surface antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis: a single-center cohort study in China. Front Immunol 2023; 14: 1213532.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sindic CJ, Van Antwerpen MP and Goffette S. The intrathecal humoral immune response: laboratory analysis and clinical relevance. Clin Chem Lab Med 2001; 39: 333-40.","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2001.052"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102604","article-title":"The clinical features and prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis depends on blood brain barrier integrity","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu Y, Wu Y, Cao X, Li J, Liao X, Wei J and Huang W. The clinical features and prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis depends on blood brain barrier integrity. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 47: 102604.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104697","article-title":"Factors influencing prognosis and relapse in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis","volume":"74","author":"Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Q, Xie Q, Liu L, Meng C and Wang J. Factors influencing prognosis and relapse in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 74: 104697.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00278-9","article-title":"Validation of the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter study","volume":"10","author":"Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai MT, Lai QL, Zheng Y, Fang GL, Qiao S, Shen CH, Zhang YX and Ding MP. Validation of the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter study. Neurol Ther 2021; 10: 985-1000.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796965","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.796965","article-title":"Validation of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis in Chinese patients","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Tu E, Yao C, Liu J, Lei Q and Lu W. Validation of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis in Chinese patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12: 796965.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2009.211","article-title":"Variation of barrier permeability for albumin and immunoglobulin G influx into cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"47","author":"Seyfert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seyfert S, Quill S and Faulstich A. Variation of barrier permeability for albumin and immunoglobulin G influx into cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47: 955-8.","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00501-3","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid analysis: disease-related data patterns and evaluation programs","volume":"184","author":"Reiber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reiber H and Peter JB. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis: disease-related data patterns and evaluation programs. J Neurol Sci 2001; 184: 101-22.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1708712","article-title":"Antibody-mediated encephalitis","volume":"378","author":"Dalmau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dalmau J and Graus F. Antibody-mediated encephalitis. N Engl J Med 2018; 378: 840-851.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464165","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1464165","article-title":"Clinical features and immunotherapy outcomes in antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective case-control study","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao W, She J, Su L, Jin S, Yang Q, Chen X and Zhu R. Clinical features and immunotherapy outcomes in antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective case-control study. Front Neurol 2024; 15: 1464165.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.99","article-title":"Neuronal autoantigens--pathogenesis, associated disorders and antibody testing","volume":"8","author":"Lancaster","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lancaster E and Dalmau J. Neuronal autoantigens--pathogenesis, associated disorders and antibody testing. Nat Rev Neurol 2012; 8: 380-90.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02024-8","article-title":"The good, the bad, and the opportunities of the complement system in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"17","author":"Schartz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schartz N and Tenner A. The good, the bad, and the opportunities of the complement system in neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17: 354.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ajtr\/17\/10\/ajtr0165180.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T02:18:57Z","timestamp":1769134737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ajtr\/17\/10\/ajtr0165180.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62347\/ovou1056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-8141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-8141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}