{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:54:53Z","timestamp":1775523293162,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"e-Century Publishing Corporation","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Exp Pathol"],"DOI":"10.62347\/tznw3776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T23:54:46Z","timestamp":1750809286000},"page":"233-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Expression patterns and diagnostic efficacy of cytokeratin 19 and galectin-3 in thyroid neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.62347","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"48694","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karsli E, Anabarli Metin D, Canacik O, Sabirli R, Kaymaz B, Kurt O and Koseler A. Galectin-3 as a potential prognostic biomarker for COVID-19 disease: a case-control study. Cureus 2022; 14: e28805.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28805"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsegaye B and Ergete W. Histopathologic pattern of thyroid disease. East Afr Med J 2003; 80: 525-528.","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v80i10.8755"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_185_17","article-title":"Histopathological pattern of thyroid diseases in Zaria: a 10-year review","volume":"25","author":"Raheem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raheem N, Ahmed SA and Samaila MO. Histopathological pattern of thyroid diseases in Zaria: a 10-year review. Niger Postgrad Med J 2018; 25: 37-42.","journal-title":"Niger Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3898841\/v2","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction among patients assessed by thyroid function tests at a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective study","volume":"49","author":"Aidoo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aidoo ED, Ababio GK, Arko-Boham B, Tagoe EA and Aryee NA. Thyroid dysfunction among patients assessed by thyroid function tests at a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective study. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 49: 7.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_611_21","article-title":"Thyroid dose and cancer risk from head and neck computed tomography at two selected centres in Nigeria","volume":"28","author":"Awe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Awe OO, Obed RI, Adekanmi AJ, Ogbole GI and Agbele AT. Thyroid dose and cancer risk from head and neck computed tomography at two selected centres in Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2021; 28: 278-284.","journal-title":"Niger Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A and Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71: 209-249.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00027-9","article-title":"Thyroid cancer incidence trends by histology in 25 countries: a population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Miranda-Filho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miranda-Filho A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Bray F, Cao B, Franceschi S, Vaccarella S and Dal Maso L. Thyroid cancer incidence trends by histology in 25 countries: a population-based study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9: 225-234.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0045","article-title":"The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer: the influence of access to care","volume":"23","author":"Morris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morris LG, Sikora AG, Tosteson TD and Davies L. The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer: the influence of access to care. Thyroid 2013; 23: 885-891.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.2719","article-title":"Trends in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality in the united states, 1974-2013","volume":"317","author":"Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim H, Devesa SS, Sosa JA, Check D and Kitahara CM. Trends in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality in the united states, 1974-2013. JAMA 2017; 317: 1338-1348.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4631","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094631","article-title":"Recent advances in thyroid cancer research","volume":"23","author":"Grimm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grimm D. Recent advances in thyroid cancer research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23: 4631.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.17116\/patol201880137-45","article-title":"The new international histological classification of thyroid tumors","volume":"80","author":"Abrosimov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abrosimov AY. The new international histological classification of thyroid tumors. Arkh Patol 2018; 80: 37-45.","journal-title":"Arkh Patol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000001012","article-title":"Pathology and new insights in thyroid neoplasms in the 2022 WHO classification","volume":"36","author":"Lebrun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lebrun L and Salmon I. Pathology and new insights in thyroid neoplasms in the 2022 WHO classification. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36: 13-21.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_563_21","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of CK19 and galectin-3 in differentiating papillary thyroid carcinoma from nonneoplastic lesions of thyroid","volume":"18","author":"Prasad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prasad PA and Raju K. Diagnostic utility of CK19 and galectin-3 in differentiating papillary thyroid carcinoma from nonneoplastic lesions of thyroid. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18: 644-649.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-020-09638-x","article-title":"Pitfalls in challenging thyroid tumors: emphasis on differential diagnosis and ancillary biomarkers","volume":"31","author":"Cameselle-Teijeiro JM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Eloy C and Sobrinho-Sim&#xF5;es M. Pitfalls in challenging thyroid tumors: emphasis on differential diagnosis and ancillary biomarkers. Endocr Pathol 2020; 31: 197-217.","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172619","article-title":"Medical findings of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and anti-tumor benefits of formononetin","volume":"861","author":"Ying","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ying K, Liu Y, Zhang C and Shangguan M. Medical findings of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and anti-tumor benefits of formononetin. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861: 172619.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Idowu SA, Olaniyi OO and Oluwole KA. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression by thyroid neoplasms in a Nigerian tertiary health centre. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 44: 176.","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2023.44.176.37751"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30030206","article-title":"Gal-3 protein expression and localization in prostate tumours","volume":"30","author":"Lima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lima T, Macedo-Silva C, Felizardo D, Fraga J, Carneiro I, Jer&#xF3;nimo C, Henrique R, Fardilha M and Vitorino R. Gal-3 protein expression and localization in prostate tumours. Curr Oncol 2023; 30: 2729-2742.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-6-126","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of CK19, TG, Ki67 and galectin-3 expression for papillary thyroid carcinoma in the northeastern region of China","volume":"6","author":"Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song Q, Wang D, Lou Y, Li C, Fang C, He X and Li J. Diagnostic significance of CK19, TG, Ki67 and galectin-3 expression for papillary thyroid carcinoma in the northeastern region of China. Diagn Pathol 2011; 6: 126.","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03336-4","article-title":"The 5(th) edition of WHO classification of tumors of endocrine organs: changes in the diagnosis of follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma","volume":"80","author":"Basolo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Basolo F, Macerola E, Poma AM and Torregrossa L. The 5(th) edition of WHO classification of tumors of endocrine organs: changes in the diagnosis of follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine 2023; 80: 470-476.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Wa Kammal WS, Yahaya A, Shah SA, Abdullah Suhaimi SN, Mahasin M, Mustangin M and Md Isa N. The diagnostic utility of cytokeratin 19 in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid lesions. Malays J Pathol 2019; 41: 293-301."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li W, Wang T, Fu G, Xu Y, Zhang N, Han L and Yang M. The allelic regulation of tumor suppressor ADARB2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30: e220189.","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-22-0189"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1821_22","article-title":"Cancer incidence estimates for 2022 &#x0026; projection for 2025: result from national cancer registry programme, india","volume":"156","author":"Sathishkumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sathishkumar K, Chaturvedi M, Das P, Stephen S and Mathur P. Cancer incidence estimates for 2022 &#x0026; projection for 2025: result from national cancer registry programme, india. Indian J Med Res 2022; 156: 598-607.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bu F, Yu K, Dong B, Wang W, Rong L, Wang J, Xue S, Wan F, Yu D, Lu J and Chen G. Research progress of ectopic thyroid cancer in thyroglossal duct cyst: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103: e38540.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038540"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2964(79)90291-3","article-title":"Thyroid Cancer Cooperative Group","volume":"15","author":"Byar","year":"1979","unstructured":"Byar DP, Green SB, Dor P, Williams ED, Colon J, van Gilse HA, Mayer M, Sylvester RJ and van Glabbeke M. A prognostic index for thyroid carcinoma. A study of the E.O.R.T.C. Thyroid Cancer Cooperative Group. Eur J Cancer (1965) 1979; 15: 1033-1041.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer (1965)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1995.5.141","article-title":"Accurate and simple method of diagnosing thyroid nodules the modified technique of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy","volume":"5","author":"Yokozawa","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yokozawa T, Miyauchi A, Kuma K and Sugawara M. Accurate and simple method of diagnosing thyroid nodules the modified technique of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. Thyroid 1995; 5: 141-145.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2013.06.012","article-title":"Immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinomas: the promising role of combined immunostaining using HBME-1 and CD56","volume":"209","author":"Nechifor-Boila A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nechifor-Boila A, Borda A, Sassolas G, Hafdi-Nejjari Z, Borson-Chazot F, Lifante JC, Sturm N, Lav&#xE9;rriere MH, Berger N and Decaussin-Petrucci M. Immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinomas: the promising role of combined immunostaining using HBME-1 and CD56. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209: 585-592.","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-3-5","article-title":"Application of CD56, P63 and CK19 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid","volume":"3","author":"Demellawy D","year":"2008","unstructured":"El Demellawy D, Nasr A and Alowami S. Application of CD56, P63 and CK19 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Diagn Pathol 2008; 3: 5.","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Chandrakumari AS, Singaravelu SLD and Sinha P. The role of CD56, HBME-1, and CK19 immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosing of thyroid neoplasms. Niger Med J 2024; 65: 716-724."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S242778","article-title":"CK19 promotes ovarian cancer development by impacting on Wnt\/&#x3B2;-catenin pathway","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu Q, Qu H, Lou T, Liu C and Zhang Z. CK19 promotes ovarian cancer development by impacting on Wnt\/&#x3B2;-catenin pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13: 2421-2431.","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2017.01.017","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of CK19 and CD56 in the differentiation of thyroid papillary carcinoma from its mimics","volume":"213","author":"Abouhashem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abouhashem NS and Talaat SM. Diagnostic utility of CK19 and CD56 in the differentiation of thyroid papillary carcinoma from its mimics. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213: 509-517.","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-019-01080-8","article-title":"Low molecular weight cytokeratin immunostaining for extrafollicular reticulum cells is an effective means of separating salivary gland tumor-associated lymphoid proliferation from true lymph node involvement","volume":"14","author":"Kurian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kurian EM, Miller R, McLean-Holden AL, Oliai BR and Bishop JA. Low molecular weight cytokeratin immunostaining for extrafollicular reticulum cells is an effective means of separating salivary gland tumor-associated lymphoid proliferation from true lymph node involvement. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 14: 593-597.","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang X, Huang S, Li X, Jiang D, Yu H, Wu Q, Gao C and Wu Z. A potential biomarker hsa-miR-200a-5p distinguishing between benign thyroid tumors with papillary hyperplasia and papillary thyroid carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0200290.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200290"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113047","article-title":"Novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases","volume":"10","author":"LC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soares LC, Al-Dalahmah O, Hillis J, Young CC, Asbed I, Sakaguchi M, O&#x2019;Neill E and Szele FG. Novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases. Cells 2021; 10: 3047.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Sant&#x2019;ana JM, Chammas R, Liu FT, Nonogaki S, Cardoso SV, Loyola AM and de Faria PR. Activation of the Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling pathway during oral carcinogenesis process is not influenced by the absence of galectin-3 in mice. Anticancer Res 2011; 31: 2805-2811."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-1022-4","article-title":"Galectin-3 favours tumour metastasis via the activation of &#x3B2;-catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"123","author":"Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song M, Pan Q, Yang J, He J, Zeng J, Cheng S, Huang Y, Zhou ZQ, Zhu Q, Yang C, Han Y, Tang Y, Chen H, Weng DS and Xia JC. Galectin-3 favours tumour metastasis via the activation of &#x3B2;-catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 123: 1521-1534.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4269","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2018.7873","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of CK19, galectin-3, CD56, TPO and Ki67 expression and BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang L, Wang X, Huang X, Gui H, Li Y, Chen Q, Liu D and Liu L. Diagnostic significance of CK19, galectin-3, CD56, TPO and Ki67 expression and BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15: 4269-4277.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45040234","article-title":"Galectin-3 mediates tumor progression in astrocytoma by regulating glycogen synthase kinase-3&#x3B2; activity","volume":"45","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsai HP, Lin CJ, Lieu AS, Chen YT, Tseng TT, Kwan AL and Loh JK. Galectin-3 mediates tumor progression in astrocytoma by regulating glycogen synthase kinase-3&#x3B2; activity. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45: 3591-3602.","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Yang ZY, Zhang HY, Wang F, Ma YH, Li YY, He HL, Wang C and Li SS. Expression of cytokeratin(CK)7, CK8\/18, CK19 and p40 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their correlation with prognosis. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2018; 47: 834-839."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-023-01410-z","article-title":"Clinical value of Cyclin D1 and P21 in the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang CC, Lu DD, Shen MH, Chen RL, Zhang ZH and Lv JH. Clinical value of Cyclin D1 and P21 in the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18: 123.","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16334","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216334","article-title":"Role of ST6GAL1 in thyroid cancers: insights from tissue analysis and genomic datasets","volume":"24","author":"Gunja&#x10D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gunja&#x10D;a I, Benzon B, Plei&#x107; N, Babi&#x107; Leko M, Pe&#x161;uti&#x107; Pisac V, Bari&#x107; A, Kali&#x10D;anin D, Punda A, Pola&#x161;ek O, Vukojevi&#x107; K and Zemunik T. Role of ST6GAL1 in thyroid cancers: insights from tissue analysis and genomic datasets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24: 16334.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11123315","article-title":"Pathologic characteristics of somatotroph pituitary tumors-an observational single-center study","volume":"11","author":"Tomasik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tomasik A, Stelmachowska-Bana&#x15B; M, Maksymowicz M, Czajka-Oraniec I, Raczkiewicz D, Zieli&#x144;ski G, Kunicki J and Zgliczy&#x144;ski W. Pathologic characteristics of somatotroph pituitary tumors-an observational single-center study. Biomedicines 2023; 11: 3315.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-022-00751-z","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophage-derived GDNF promotes gastric cancer liver metastasis via a GFRA1-modulated autophagy flux","volume":"46","author":"Ni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ni B, He X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Dong Z, Xia X, Zhao G, Cao H, Zhu C, Li Q, Liu J, Chen H and Zhang Z. Tumor-associated macrophage-derived GDNF promotes gastric cancer liver metastasis via a GFRA1-modulated autophagy flux. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46: 315-330.","journal-title":"Cell Oncol (Dordr)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ijcep\/18\/6\/ijcep0163174.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T01:56:23Z","timestamp":1766022983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ijcep\/18\/6\/ijcep0163174.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62347\/tznw3776","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-2625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-2625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}