{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:23:46Z","timestamp":1788279826185,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"e-Century Publishing Corporation","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Cardiovasc Dis"],"DOI":"10.62347\/uuwu8819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T09:36:55Z","timestamp":1756460215000},"page":"212-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy and safety of Azelnidipine-Telmisartan vs. Amlodipine-Telmisartan: a prospective randomized trial in Indian hypertensive patients"],"prefix":"10.62347","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Akshay","family":"Bafna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"48694","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Who. Hypertension. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hypertension."},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Heart Federation Hypertension | what we do. https:\/\/world-heart-federation.org\/what-we-do\/hypertension\/."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018912","article-title":"Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries","volume":"134","author":"Mills","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, Reed JE, Kearney PM, Reynolds K, Chen J and He J. Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries. Circulation 2016; 134: 441-450.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2","article-title":"Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure","volume":"42","author":"AV","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr and Roccella EJ; Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension 2003; 42: 1206-1252.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6315","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46070377","article-title":"The evolving role of calcium channel blockers in hypertension management: pharmacological and clinical considerations","volume":"46","author":"Jones","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jones KE, Hayden SL, Meyer HR, Sandoz JL, Arata WH, Dufrene K, Ballaera C, Lopez Torres Y, Griffin P, Kaye AM, Shekoohi S and Kaye AD. The evolving role of calcium channel blockers in hypertension management: pharmacological and clinical considerations. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46: 6315-6327.","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen BL, Zhang YZ, Luo JQ and Zhang W. Clinical use of azelnidipine in the treatment of hypertension in Chinese patients. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11: 309-18.","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S64288"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7274.1440","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study","volume":"321","author":"Mogensen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkanen I, Oren S, Viskoper R, Watts RW and Cooper ME. Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study. BMJ 2000; 321: 1440-1444.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2011.00135.x","article-title":"Comparison of effects of azelnidipine and trichlormethiazide in combination with olmesartan on blood pressure and metabolic parameters in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"2","author":"Yoshii","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yoshii H, Mita T, Sato J, Kodama Y, Choi JB, Komiya K, Matsumoto K, Kanno R, Kawasumi M, Koyano H, Hirose T, Onuma T, Kawamori R and Watada H. Comparison of effects of azelnidipine and trichlormethiazide in combination with olmesartan on blood pressure and metabolic parameters in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Investig 2011; 2: 490-496.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.25.849","article-title":"Antiproteinuric effects of combined antihypertensive therapies in patients with overt type 2 diabetic nephropathy","volume":"25","author":"Kuriyama","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuriyama S, Tomonari H, Tokudome G, Horiguchi M, Hayashi H, Kobayashi H, Ishikawa M and Hosoya T. Antiproteinuric effects of combined antihypertensive therapies in patients with overt type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Hypertens Res 2002; 25: 849-855.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000002800401","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of orally and intravenously administered telmisartan in healthy young and elderly volunteers and in hypertensive patients","volume":"28","author":"Stangier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stangier J, Su C and Roth W. Pharmacokinetics of orally and intravenously administered telmisartan in healthy young and elderly volunteers and in hypertensive patients. J Int Med Res 2000; 28: 149-167.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.28.593","article-title":"Significance of angiotensin II receptor blocker lipophilicities and their protective effect against vascular remodeling","volume":"28","author":"Takai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Takai S, Kirimura K, Jin D, Muramatsu M, Yoshikawa K, Mino Y and Miyazaki M. Significance of angiotensin II receptor blocker lipophilicities and their protective effect against vascular remodeling. Hypertens Res 2005; 28: 593-600.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Wang AL, Iadecola C and Wang G. New generations of dihydropyridines for treatment of hypertension. J Geriatr Cardiol 2017; 14: 67-72."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.29.767","article-title":"Efficacy of azelnidipine on home blood pressure and pulse rate in patients with essential hypertension: comparison with amlodipine","volume":"29","author":"Yamagishi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yamagishi T. Efficacy of azelnidipine on home blood pressure and pulse rate in patients with essential hypertension: comparison with amlodipine. Hypertens Res 2006; 29: 767-773.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abernethy DR. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine. Cardiology 1992; 80 Suppl 1: 31-36.","DOI":"10.1159\/000175050"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP70385","article-title":"Additional renoprotective effects of azelnidipine combined with angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"70","author":"Nakamura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Inoue T, Fujiwara N, Kawagoe Y, Sugaya T, Ueda Y, Koide H and Node K. Additional renoprotective effects of azelnidipine combined with angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 2008; 70: 385-392.","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-013-0006-8","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of azelnidipine tablets on morning hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Kario","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kario K, Sato Y, Shirayama M, Takahashi M, Shiosakai K, Hiramatsu K, Komiya M and Shimada K. Inhibitory effects of azelnidipine tablets on morning hypertension. Drugs R D 2013; 13: 63-73.","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2010.46.5.1469896","article-title":"Importance of a fixed combination of telmisartan and amlodipine for the treatment of hypertension","volume":"46","author":"Ahrens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ahrens K and Bramlage P. Importance of a fixed combination of telmisartan and amlodipine for the treatment of hypertension. Drugs Today (Barc) 2010; 46: 339-350.","journal-title":"Drugs Today (Barc)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2012.02.004","article-title":"Long-term tolerability and efficacy of single-pill combinations of Telmisartan 40-80 mg plus Amlodipine 5 or 10 mg in patients whose blood pressure was not initially controlled by Amlodipine 5-10 mg: open-label, long-term follow-ups of the TEAMSTA-5 and TEAMSTA-10 studies","volume":"73","author":"Neldam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neldam S, Edwards C, Lang M and Jones R; TEAMSTA-5 and TEAMSTA-10 Investigators. Long-term tolerability and efficacy of single-pill combinations of Telmisartan 40-80 mg plus Amlodipine 5 or 10 mg in patients whose blood pressure was not initially controlled by Amlodipine 5-10 mg: open-label, long-term follow-ups of the TEAMSTA-5 and TEAMSTA-10 studies. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2012; 73: 65-84.","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Dalal J, Guha S, Reddy YVC, Ponde CK, Shrivastava S, Badani R, Joshi S, Pande A, Kumar V, Bhalla N, Pradhan A, Mahilmaran A, Kumar N, Manoj S, Sashikant T, Mukhopadhyay M and Tiwaskar M. Telmisartan plus Amlodipine as the preferred initial combination in newly diagnosed Indian patients with hypertension: an expert consensus statements. J Assoc Physicians India 2023; 71: 56-61."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24082","article-title":"Efficacy of single-pill combination in uncontrolled essential hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie M, Tang T and Liang H. Efficacy of single-pill combination in uncontrolled essential hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46: 886-898.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Desai PB, Patel K, Patel CN and K. Chaudhary P. The role of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan in managing stage-II hypertension: a comprehensive review. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 2025; 1394-1396.","DOI":"10.38124\/ijisrt\/25apr189"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164112447310","article-title":"The combination of OLmesartan and a CAlcium channel blocker (azelnidipine) or candesartan and a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) in type 2 diabetic hypertensive patients: the OLCA study","volume":"9","author":"Daikuhara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daikuhara H, Kikuchi F and Ishida T. The combination of OLmesartan and a CAlcium channel blocker (azelnidipine) or candesartan and a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) in type 2 diabetic hypertensive patients: the OLCA study. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2012; 9: 280-286.","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.26.201","article-title":"Azelnidipine and amlodipine: a comparison of their pharmacokinetics and effects on ambulatory blood pressure","volume":"26","author":"Kuramoto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kuramoto K, Ichikawa S, Hirai A, Kanada S, Nakachi T and Ogihara T. Azelnidipine and amlodipine: a comparison of their pharmacokinetics and effects on ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertens Res 2003; 26: 201-208.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-023-00601-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Azelnidipine as an Antihypertensive compared to Amlodipine: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Pal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pal D, Maji S and Maiti R. Efficacy and safety of Azelnidipine as an Antihypertensive compared to Amlodipine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30: 401-410.","journal-title":"High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1994.tb01080.x","article-title":"Systemic blood pressure and glomerular leakage with particular reference to diabetes and hypertension","volume":"235","author":"Mogensen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mogensen CE. Systemic blood pressure and glomerular leakage with particular reference to diabetes and hypertension. J Intern Med 1994; 235: 297-316.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodicio JL, Campo C and Ruilope LM. Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension. Kidney Int Suppl 1998; 54: S51-S54.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.06813.x"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-022-00276-4","article-title":"Therapeutic usefulness of a novel calcium channel blocker Azelnidipine in the treatment of hypertension: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Ram","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ram CVS. Therapeutic usefulness of a novel calcium channel blocker Azelnidipine in the treatment of hypertension: a narrative review. Cardiol Ther 2022; 11: 473-489.","journal-title":"Cardiol Ther"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002145","article-title":"Peripheral edema and headache associated with amlodipine treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"37","author":"Vukadinovi&#x107","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vukadinovi&#x107; D, Scholz SS, Messerli FH, Weber MA, Williams B, B&#xF6;hm M and Mahfoud F. Peripheral edema and headache associated with amlodipine treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. J Hypertens 2019; 37: 2093-2103.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ajcd\/15\/4\/ajcd0165622.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T01:58:41Z","timestamp":1766023121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/e-century.us\/files\/ajcd\/15\/4\/ajcd0165622.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62347\/uuwu8819","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}