{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T06:32:57Z","timestamp":1766039577599,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Juan Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Ibor Foundation","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Actas Esp Psiquiatr"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently co-occur, posing unique treatment challenges and implicating shared inflammatory mechanisms. Although each condition has been extensively studied in isolation, the clinical and pathophysiological interplay between BD and IBD remains poorly characterized.\nMethods: We conducted a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature from January 2000 through May 2025, retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Search terms included \u201cbipolar disorder\u201d, \u201cinflammatory bowel disease\u201d, \u201ccomorbidity\u201d, and related inflammatory markers. Titles\/abstracts were screened by two reviewers, and eligible studies reporting clinical, epidemiological, or mechanistic data on BD\u2013IBD overlap were included.\nResults: Prevalence estimates suggest that BD affects approximately 3\u20137% of IBD patients, compared with 1\u20132% in the general population. Comorbid BD\u2013IBD is associated with increased hospitalization rates, more severe gastrointestinal and psychiatric symptoms, and reduced quality of life. Treatment interactions are complex: mood stabilizers and antipsychotics may exacerbate gastrointestinal inflammation, while corticosteroids and biologics can destabilize mood. Mechanistic studies highlight dysregulated cytokine profiles (e.g., elevated Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha I), gut-microbiome alterations, and genetic pleiotropy as convergent pathways.\nConclusions: The intersection of BD and IBD underscores a bidirectional gut\u2013brain neuroimmune axis, with systemic inflammation as a central mediator. Recognizing and managing this comorbidity requires integrated multidisciplinary care. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and targeted anti-inflammatory interventions to improve outcomes in this high-risk population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.62641\/aep.v53i6.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T06:29:39Z","timestamp":1766039379000},"page":"1432-1447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuroimmune Crossroads: Pathophysiological Links Between Bipolar Disorder and Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.62641","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7058-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Marano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2187-320X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2772-1805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"De Chiara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3314-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Maria","family":"Lisci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0491-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Brisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9602-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Caroppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9767-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5224-2931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Pola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7808-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Gaetani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"48925","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"container-title":["Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatr\u00eda"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/actaspsiquiatria.es\/index.php\/actas\/article\/download\/2001\/2796","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/actaspsiquiatria.es\/index.php\/actas\/article\/download\/2001\/2796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T06:29:40Z","timestamp":1766039380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/actaspsiquiatria.es\/index.php\/actas\/article\/view\/2001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62641\/aep.v53i6.2001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1578-2735","1139-9287"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1578-2735","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1139-9287","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]}}}