{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T07:26:36Z","timestamp":1786778796311,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Juan Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Ibor Foundation","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Actas Esp Psiquiatr"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Mechanical restraint (MR) remains one of the most controversial interventions in psychiatry, particularly in involuntarily admitted patients. This study examined the prevalence and clinical predictors of MR in an open-door psychiatric unit in Spain, a context where national MR rates remain among the highest in Europe.\nMethods: A retrospective descriptive study of all involuntarily admitted patients (n = 81) was conducted in a 20-bed open-door acute psychiatric unit between June and December 2024. Sociodemographic, diagnostic, and treatment variables were extracted from electronic health records. Bivariate analyses based on exact tests and Firth penalized-likelihood logistic regression were used to identify independent correlates of MR.\nResults: MR was applied in 14.8% of patients. In Firth penalized-likelihood multivariable analysis, schizophrenia was the strongest independent correlate of MR (odds ratio [OR] = 9.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.71\u201365.89, p = 0.010). Male gender showed a significant bivariate association but lost significance after adjustment. MR co-occurred with intramuscular psychotropic medication in 91.7% of cases.\u00a0\nConclusions: Within this single-centre, exclusively involuntary cohort, care delivered in an open-door setting with structured de-escalation interventions was associated with a comparatively low rate of MR. Schizophrenia emerged as the strongest correlate of MR and may represent a priority target for prevention strategies. The results align with convergent evidence from German, Swiss, and Norwegian studies supporting the safety and effectiveness of open-door approaches, and provide the first Spanish data on MR in this model of care. These findings are preliminary and require confirmation in larger, multicentre samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.62641\/aep.v54i4.2328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T06:49:41Z","timestamp":1786776581000},"page":"963-970","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Predictors of Mechanical Restraint in Involuntary Patients in an Open-Door Inpatient Psychiatric Unit"],"prefix":"10.62641","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0773-2196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurea","family":"Fernandez-Ribas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4689-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beltran","family":"Jimenez-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9422-9805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Vargas-Puertolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Encarnacion","family":"Romero-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0472-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Delgado-Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1524-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Miro-Mezquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6172-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Cuevas-Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"48925","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"container-title":["Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatr\u00eda"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/actaspsiquiatria.es\/index.php\/actas\/article\/download\/2328\/2918","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/actaspsiquiatria.es\/index.php\/actas\/article\/download\/2328\/2918","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T06:49:41Z","timestamp":1786776581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/actaspsiquiatria.es\/index.php\/actas\/article\/view\/2328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62641\/aep.v54i4.2328","relation":{},"ISSN":["1578-2735","1139-9287"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1578-2735","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1139-9287","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]}}}