{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T17:56:40Z","timestamp":1772042200793,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"DOI":"10.62675\/2965-2774.20260176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T16:57:49Z","timestamp":1772038669000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study protocol for the use of propofol in adult intensive care unit patients: a secondary analysis of an extensive international database"],"prefix":"10.62675","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4099-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang H.","family":"Hartl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2028-2039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Stoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9532-2859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Kotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8594-5980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Landoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1095-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3010-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Piller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8453-5325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Neuberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5628-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"49293","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"key20260225165743_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04431-8","article-title":"Propofol and survival: an updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"27","author":"Kotani","year":"2023","unstructured":"1 Kotani Y, Pruna A, Turi S, Borghi G, Lee TC, Zangrillo A, et al. Propofol and survival: an updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Care. 2023;27(1):139.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260225165743_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06356-8","article-title":"Early sedation with dexmedetomidine in ventilated critically ill patients and heterogeneity of treatment effect in the SPICE III randomised controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Shehabi","year":"2021","unstructured":"2 Shehabi Y, Serpa Neto A, Howe BD, Bellomo R, Arabi YM, Bailey M, et al.; SPICE III Study Investigators. Early sedation with dexmedetomidine in ventilated critically ill patients and heterogeneity of treatment effect in the SPICE III randomised controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(4):455-66.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"key20260225165743_B3","first-page":"1608","volume-title":"CMAJ","author":"FDA issues warning on propofol (Diprivan)","year":"2001","unstructured":"3 FDA issues warning on propofol (Diprivan). CMAJ. 2001;164(11):1608."},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260225165743_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04547-x","article-title":"Authors\u2019 reply to the comment from Benavides-Zora et al","volume":"27","author":"Kotani","year":"2023","unstructured":"4 Kotani Y, Pruna A, Lee TC, Roth D, Landoni G. Authors\u2019 reply to the comment from Benavides-Zora et al. Crit Care. 2023;27(1):255.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260225165743_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1186-5","article-title":"The use of propofol for medium and long-term sedation in critically ill adult patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Ho","year":"2008","unstructured":"5 Ho KM, Ng JY. The use of propofol for medium and long-term sedation in critically ill adult patients: a meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(11):1969-79.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"key20260225165743_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2021.04.001","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of propofol versus midazolam sedation in adult intensive care (ICU) patients","volume":"64","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","unstructured":"6 Garcia R, Salluh JI, Andrade TR, Farah D, da Silva PS, Bastos DF, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of propofol versus midazolam sedation in adult intensive care (ICU) patients. J Crit Care. 2021;64:91-9.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260225165743_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.06.020","article-title":"Outcomes of dexmedetomidine versus propofol sedation in critically ill adults requiring mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"129","author":"Heybati","year":"2022","unstructured":"7 Heybati K, Zhou F, Ali S, Deng J, Mohananey D, Villablanca P, et al. Outcomes of dexmedetomidine versus propofol sedation in critically ill adults requiring mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Anaesth. 2022;129(4):515-26.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260225165743_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44979","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44979","article-title":"Sedation of mechanically ventilated adults in intensive care unit: a network meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"8 Zhang Z, Chen K, Ni H, Zhang X, Fan H. Sedation of mechanically ventilated adults in intensive care unit: a network meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):44979.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260225165743_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006155","article-title":"Relevance of protein intake for weaning in the mechanically ventilated critically ill: analysis of a large international database","volume":"52","author":"Hartl","year":"2024","unstructured":"9 Hartl WH, Kopper P, Xu L, Heller L, Mironov M, Wang R, et al. Relevance of protein intake for weaning in the mechanically ventilated critically ill: analysis of a large international database. Crit Care Med. 2024;52(3):e121-31.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260225165743_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"171","author":"American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America","year":"2005","unstructured":"10 American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171(4):388-416.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260225165743_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.6.ats16060","article-title":"This official conference report was cosponsored by the American Thoracic Society, The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and The Societ\u00e9 de R\u00e9animation de Langue Fran\u00e7aise, and was approved by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999","volume":"160","author":"International consensus conferences in intensive care medicine: Ventilator-associated lung injury in ARDS","year":"1999","unstructured":"11 International consensus conferences in intensive care medicine: Ventilator-associated lung injury in ARDS. This official conference report was cosponsored by the American Thoracic Society, The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and The Societ\u00e9 de R\u00e9animation de Langue Fran\u00e7aise, and was approved by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(6):2118-24.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key20260225165743_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.6_suppl.375S","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"120","author":"MacIntyre","year":"2001","unstructured":"12 MacIntyre NR, Cook DJ, Ely EW Jr, Epstein SK, Fink JB, Heffner JE, et al.; American College of Chest Physicians; American Association for Respiratory Care; American College of Critical Care Medicine. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 2001;120(6 Suppl):375S-95S.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260225165743_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200201000-00020","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult","volume":"30","author":"Jacobi","year":"2002","unstructured":"13 Jacobi J, Fraser GL, Coursin DB, Riker RR, Fontaine D, Wittbrodt ET, et al.; Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), American College of Chest Physicians. Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Crit Care Med. 2002;30(1):119-41.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260225165743_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2023.07.032","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of the detrimental effects of propofol on survival","volume":"37","author":"Kotani","year":"2023","unstructured":"14 Kotani Y, Pruna A, Landoni G. Mechanisms of action of the detrimental effects of propofol on survival. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2023;37(11):2176-80.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260225165743_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03870-5","article-title":"Protein intake and outcome of critically ill patients: analysis of a large international database using piece-wise exponential additive mixed models","volume":"26","author":"Hartl","year":"2022","unstructured":"15 Hartl WH, Kopper P, Bender A, Scheipl F, Day AG, Elke G, et al. Protein intake and outcome of critically ill patients: analysis of a large international database using piece-wise exponential additive mixed models. Crit Care. 2022;26(1):7.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260225165743_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7992","article-title":"Minimum sample size for developing a multivariable prediction model: Part II - binary and time-to-event outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Riley","year":"2019","unstructured":"16 Riley RD, Snell KI, Ensor J, Burke DL, Harrell FE Jr, Moons KG, et al. Minimum sample size for developing a multivariable prediction model: Part II - binary and time-to-event outcomes. Stat Med. 2019;38(7):1276-96.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"key20260225165743_B17","author":"Critical Care Nutrition","unstructured":"17 Critical Care Nutrition. REDCap V2 VICToRY [cited 2025 Nov 26]. https:\/\/www.criticalcarenutrition.com\/research\/ccn-victory\/redcap","journal-title":"REDCap V2 VICToRY"},{"key":"key20260225165743_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.05.009","article-title":"Propofol sedation substantially increases the caloric and lipid intake in critically ill patients","volume":"42","author":"Charri\u00e8re","year":"2017","unstructured":"18 Charri\u00e8re M, Ridley E, Hastings J, Bianchet O, Scheinkestel C, Berger MM. Propofol sedation substantially increases the caloric and lipid intake in critically ill patients. Nutrition. 2017;42:64-8.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260225165743_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607117721917","article-title":"Does propofol sedation contribute to overall energy provision in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults? A retrospective observational study","volume":"42","author":"Hastings","year":"2018","unstructured":"19 Hastings J, Ridley EJ, Bianchet O, Roodenburg O, Levkovich B, Scheinkestel C, et al. Does propofol sedation contribute to overall energy provision in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults? A retrospective observational study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42(4):748-57.","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260225165743_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-03997-z","article-title":"Medical nutrition therapy and clinical outcomes in critically ill adults: a European multinational, prospective observational cohort study (EuroPN)","volume":"26","author":"Matejovic","year":"2022","unstructured":"20 Matejovic M, Huet O, Dams K, Elke G, Vaquerizo Alonso C, Csomos A, et al. Medical nutrition therapy and clinical outcomes in critically ill adults: a European multinational, prospective observational cohort study (EuroPN). Crit Care. 2022;26(1):143.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"key20260225165743_B21","first-page":"1","author":"Therneau","year":"2024","unstructured":"21 Therneau T, Crowson C, Atkinson E. Multistate models and competing risks. Dec 17, 2024. p. 1-29 [cited 2025 Nov 26]. Available from: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/survival\/vignettes\/compete.pdf","journal-title":"Multistate models and competing risks"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260225165743_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/17407745241267862","article-title":"Using multistate models with clinical trial data for a deeper understanding of complex disease processes","volume":"21","author":"Therneau","year":"2024","unstructured":"22 Therneau TM, Ou FS. Using multistate models with clinical trial data for a deeper understanding of complex disease processes. Clin Trials. 2024;21(5):531-40.","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"key20260225165743_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/1471082X17748083","article-title":"A generalized additive model approach to time-to-event analysis","volume":"18","author":"Bender","year":"2018","unstructured":"23 Bender A, Groll A, Scheipl F. A generalized additive model approach to time-to-event analysis. Stat Model. 2018;18(3-4):299-321.","journal-title":"Stat Model"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260225165743_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxy003","article-title":"Penalized estimation of complex, non-linear exposure-lag-response associations","volume":"20","author":"Bender","year":"2019","unstructured":"24 Bender A, Scheipl F, Hartl W, Day AG, K\u00fcchenhoff H. Penalized estimation of complex, non-linear exposure-lag-response associations. Biostatistics. 2019;20(2):315-31.","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"key20260225165743_B25","volume-title":"Flexible estimation of complex effects in the context of competing risks survival analysis: exposure-lag-response association of artificial nutrition and patients\u2019 length of stay in intensive care units [tesis]","author":"Kopper","year":"2020","unstructured":"25 Kopper P, Scheipl F. Flexible estimation of complex effects in the context of competing risks survival analysis: exposure-lag-response association of artificial nutrition and patients\u2019 length of stay in intensive care units [tesis]. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen. (Technical Reports Department of Statistics). April 2020 [cited 2025 Nov 26]. Available from: https:\/\/epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/72320\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260225165743_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.04.005","article-title":"Calorie intake and short-term survival of critically ill patients","volume":"38","author":"Hartl","year":"2019","unstructured":"26 Hartl WH, Bender A, Scheipl F, Kuppinger D, Day AG, K\u00fcchenhoff H. Calorie intake and short-term survival of critically ill patients. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(2):660-7.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260225165743_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.1989","article-title":"Multistate modeling of clinical hold in randomized clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Nie\u00dfl","year":"2020","unstructured":"27 Nie\u00dfl A, Beyersmann J, Loos A. Multistate modeling of clinical hold in randomized clinical trials. Pharm Stat. 2020;19(3):262-75.","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"key":"key20260225165743_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70029","article-title":"Weighted cumulative exposure modelling to assess the association between reproductive factors and future cardiovascular disease in women","author":"Dayan","year":"2025","unstructured":"28 Dayan N, Beauchamp ME, Alcantara M, Shapiro GD, Abrahamowicz M. Weighted cumulative exposure modelling to assess the association between reproductive factors and future cardiovascular disease in women. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2025 May 29. doi: 10.1111\/ppe.70029.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"446","key":"key20260225165743_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","unstructured":"29 Fine JP, Gray RJ. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. J Am Stat Assoc. 1999;94(446):496-509.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"26","key":"key20260225165743_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1904710","article-title":"Early sedation with dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients","volume":"380","author":"Shehabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"30 Shehabi Y, Howe BD, Bellomo R, Arabi YM, Bailey M, Bass FE, et al.; ANZICS Clinical Trials Group and the SPICE III Investigators. Early sedation with dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(26):2506-17.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Critical Care Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T16:57:53Z","timestamp":1772038673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/criticalcarescience.org\/article\/study-protocol-for-the-use-of-propofol-in-adult-intensive-care-unit-patients-a-secondary-analysis-of-an-extensive-international-database\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.62675\/2965-2774.20260176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62675\/2965-2774.20260176","relation":{},"ISSN":["2965-2774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2965-2774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e20260176"}}