{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:04:38Z","timestamp":1785434678803,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"DOI":"10.62675\/2965-2774.20260422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:25:59Z","timestamp":1785432359000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Underreporting of acute kidney injury in randomized trials of acute respiratory distress syndrome with mortality endpoints: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.62675","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3891-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogerio da Hora","family":"Passos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7131-643X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Zawadzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8039-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Claudio Santos","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6685-6002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Hortencio","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1010-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais Dias","family":"Midega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8290-8554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno de Arruda","family":"Bravim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8279-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"J\u00fanior","given":"Vagner Pires de","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5446-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaldo Alves da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1948-4060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prashant","family":"Nasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9236-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Oliveira","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"49293","reference":[{"issue":"10358","key":"key20260730172551_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01485-4","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes","volume":"400","author":"Bos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bos LD, Ware LB. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes. Lancet. 2022;400(10358):1145-56.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202303-0558WS","article-title":"A new global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"209","author":"Matthay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Matthay MA, Arabi Y, Arroliga AC, Bernard G, Bersten AD, Brochard LJ, et al. A new global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024;209(1):37-47.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03137-5","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of ARDS: a narrative review from molecular to organ-level perspectives","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou K, Qin Q, Lu J. Pathophysiological mechanisms of ARDS: a narrative review from molecular to organ-level perspectives. Respir Res. 2025;26(1):54.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260730172551_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2021.05.007","article-title":"Acute kidney injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park BD, Faubel S. Acute kidney injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Clin. 2021;37(4):835-49.","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-024-00672-1","article-title":"Advancements in understanding the mechanisms of lung-kidney crosstalk","volume":"12","author":"Mendes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mendes RS, Silva PL, Robba C, Battaglini D, Lopes-Pacheco M, Caruso-Neves C, et al. Advancements in understanding the mechanisms of lung-kidney crosstalk. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2024;12(1):81.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260730172551_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05869-7","article-title":"Lung-kidney interactions in critically ill patients: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 21 Workgroup","volume":"46","author":"Joannidis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joannidis M, Forni LG, Klein SJ, Honore PM, Kashani K, Ostermann M, et al. Lung-kidney interactions in critically ill patients: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 21 Workgroup. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(4):654-72.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260730172551_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201602-0420CP","article-title":"Lung-kidney cross-talk in the critically ill patient","volume":"194","author":"Husain-Syed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Husain-Syed F, Slutsky AS, Ronco C. Lung-kidney cross-talk in the critically ill patient. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;194(4):402-14.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260730172551_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30177-2","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome subphenotypes and differential response to simvastatin: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Calfee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calfee CS, Delucchi KL, Sinha P, Matthay MA, Hackett J, Shankar-Hari M, et al.; Irish Critical Care Trials Group. Acute respiratory distress syndrome subphenotypes and differential response to simvastatin: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2018;6(9):691-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260730172551_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07485-6","article-title":"Incidence of acute kidney injury and attributive mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome randomized trials","volume":"50","author":"Antonucci","year":"2024","unstructured":"Antonucci E, Garcia B, Chen D, Matthay MA, Liu KD, Legrand M. Incidence of acute kidney injury and attributive mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome randomized trials. Intensive Care Med. 2024;50(8):1240-50.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0552-5","article-title":"Factors associated with acute kidney injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Panitchote","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panitchote A, Mehkri O, Hastings A, Hanane T, Demirjian S, Torbic H, et al. Factors associated with acute kidney injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intensive Care. 2019;9(1):74.","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-017-0260-y","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in the ICU: from injury to recovery: reports from the 5th Paris International Conference","volume":"7","author":"Bellomo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bellomo R, Ronco C, Mehta RL, Asfar P, Boisram\u00e9-Helms J, Darmon M, et al. Acute kidney injury in the ICU: from injury to recovery: reports from the 5th Paris International Conference. Ann Intensive Care. 2017;7(1):49.","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260730172551_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R430","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3737","article-title":"High frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in adult respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN24242669]","volume":"9","author":"Bollen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bollen CW, van Well GT, Sherry T, Beale RJ, Shah S, Findlay G, et al. High frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in adult respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN24242669]. Crit Care. 2005;9(4):R430-9.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"24","key":"key20260730172551_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062200","article-title":"Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury","volume":"354","author":"Wiedemann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wiedemann HP, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, Thompson BT, Hayden D, deBoisblanc B, et al.; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(24):2564-75.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"key20260730172551_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061895","article-title":"Pulmonary-artery versus central venous catheter to guide treatment of acute lung injury","volume":"354","author":"Wheeler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, Thompson BT, Schoenfeld D, Wiedemann HP, deBoisblanc B, et al.; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Pulmonary-artery versus central venous catheter to guide treatment of acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(21):2213-24.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260730172551_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000215598.84885.01","article-title":"A high positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy improves outcome in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Villar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Villar J, Kacmarek RM, P\u00e9rez-M\u00e9ndez L, Aguirre-Jaime A. A high positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy improves outcome in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(5):1311-8.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260730172551_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.6.646","article-title":"Positive end-expiratory pressure setting in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"299","author":"Mercat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mercat A, Richard JC, Vielle B, Jaber S, Osman D, Diehl JL, et al.; Expiratory Pressure (Express) Study Group. Positive end-expiratory pressure setting in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299(6):646-55.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260730172551_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.6.637","article-title":"Ventilation strategy using low tidal volumes, recruitment maneuvers, and high positive end-expiratory pressure for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"299","author":"Meade","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meade MO, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Slutsky AS, Arabi YM, Cooper DJ, et al.; Lung Open Ventilation Study Investigators. Ventilation strategy using low tidal volumes, recruitment maneuvers, and high positive end-expiratory pressure for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299(6):637-45.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"18","key":"key20260730172551_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1614","article-title":"Prone positioning in patients with moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"302","author":"Taccone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taccone P, Pesenti A, Latini R, Polli F, Vagginelli F, Mietto C, et al.; Prone-Supine II Study Group. Prone positioning in patients with moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;302(18):1977-84.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260730172551_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005372","article-title":"Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"363","author":"Papazian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Papazian L, Forel JM, Gacouin A, Penot-Ragon C, Perrin G, Loundou A, et al.; A CURASYS Study Investigators. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(12):1107-16.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260730172551_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201009-1424OC","article-title":"Recombinant surfactant protein C-based surfactant for patients with severe direct lung injury","volume":"183","author":"Spragg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spragg RG, Taut FJ, Lewis JF, Schenk P, Ruppert C, Dean N, et al. Recombinant surfactant protein C-based surfactant for patients with severe direct lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(8):1055-61.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9812","key":"key20260730172551_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61623-1","article-title":"Effect of intravenous \u03b2-2 agonist treatment on clinical outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (BALTI-2): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"379","author":"Gao Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gao Smith F, Perkins GD, Gates S, Young D, McAuley DF, Tunnicliffe W, et al.; BALTI-2 study investigators. Effect of intravenous \u03b2-2 agonist treatment on clinical outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (BALTI-2): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;379(9812):229-35.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260730172551_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215716","article-title":"High-frequency oscillation for acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"368","author":"Young","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young D, Lamb SE, Shah S, MacKenzie I, Tunnicliffe W, Lall R, et al.; OSCAR Study Group. High-frequency oscillation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(9):806-13.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"key20260730172551_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214103","article-title":"Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"368","author":"Gu\u00e9rin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gu\u00e9rin C, Reignier J, Richard JC, Beuret P, Gacouin A, Boulain T, et al.; PROSEVA Study Group. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(23):2159-68.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"key20260730172551_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401520","article-title":"Rosuvastatin for sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"370","author":"Truwit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Truwit JD, Bernard GR, Steingrub J, Matthay MA, Liu KD, Albertson TE, et al.; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ARDS Clinical Trials Network. Rosuvastatin for sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(23):2191-200.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260730172551_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1139","article-title":"The adult calfactant in acute respiratory distress syndrome trial","volume":"148","author":"Willson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Willson DF, Truwit JD, Conaway MR, Traul CS, Egan EE. The adult calfactant in acute respiratory distress syndrome trial. Chest. 2015;148(2):356-64.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"14","key":"key20260730172551_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14171","article-title":"Effect of lung recruitment and titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) vs Low PEEP on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"318","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavalcanti AB, Suzumura \u00c9A, Laranjeira LN, Paisani DM, Damiani LP, Guimar\u00e3es HP, et al.; Writing Group for the Alveolar Recruitment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Trial (ART) Investigators. Effect of lung recruitment and titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) vs Low PEEP on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318(14):1335-45.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"key20260730172551_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800385","article-title":"extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome","volume":"378","author":"Combes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G, Demoule A, Lavou\u00e9 S, Guervilly C, et al.; EOLIA Trial Group, REVA, and ECMONet. extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(21):1965-75.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"key20260730172551_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901686","article-title":"Early neuromuscular blockade in the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"380","author":"Moss","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moss M, Huang DT, Brower RG, Ferguson ND, Ginde AA, Gong MN, et al.; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PETAL Clinical Trials Network. Early neuromuscular blockade in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(21):1997-2008.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260730172551_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0555","article-title":"Effect of titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with an esophageal pressure-guided strategy vs an empirical high PEEP-FiO2 strategy on death and days free from mechanical ventilation among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"321","author":"Beitler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beitler JR, Sarge T, Banner-Goodspeed VM, Gong MN, Cook D, Novack V, et al.; EPVent-2 Study Group. Effect of titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with an esophageal pressure-guided strategy vs an empirical high PEEP-FiO2 strategy on death and days free from mechanical ventilation among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(9):846-57.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260730172551_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30138-9","article-title":"Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive end-expiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in France (the LIVE study): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Constantin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Constantin JM, Jabaudon M, Lefrant JY, Jaber S, Quenot JP, Langeron O, et al.; AZUREA Network. Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive end-expiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in France (the LIVE study): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(10):870-80.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260730172551_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916431","article-title":"Liberal or conservative oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"382","author":"Barrot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barrot L, Asfar P, Mauny F, Winiszewski H, Montini F, Badie J, et al.; LOCO2 Investigators and REVA Research Network. Liberal or conservative oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(11):999-1008.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260730172551_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2021.1905794","article-title":"A two-arm, randomized, controlled, multi-centric, open-label phase-2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Itolizumab in moderate to severe ARDS patients due to COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar S, De Souza R, Nadkar M, Guleria R, Trikha A, Joshi SR, et al. A two-arm, randomized, controlled, multi-centric, open-label phase-2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Itolizumab in moderate to severe ARDS patients due to COVID-19. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2021;21(5):675-86.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03645-y","article-title":"Early individualized positive end-expiratory pressure guided by electrical impedance tomography in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He H, Chi Y, Yang Y, Yuan S, Long Y, Zhao P, et al. Early individualized positive end-expiratory pressure guided by electrical impedance tomography in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):230.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260730172551_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13374","article-title":"Effect of lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal vs standard care ventilation on 90-day mortality in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: the REST randomized clinical trial","volume":"326","author":"McNamee","year":"2021","unstructured":"McNamee JJ, Gillies MA, Barrett NA, Perkins GD, Tunnicliffe W, Young D, et al.; REST Investigators. Effect of lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal vs standard care ventilation on 90-day mortality in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: the REST randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;326(11):1013-23.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"17","key":"key20260730172551_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209502","article-title":"Convalescent plasma for Covid-19-induced ARDS in mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"389","author":"Misset","year":"2023","unstructured":"Misset B, Piagnerelli M, Hoste E, Dardenne N, Grimaldi D, Michaux I, et al. Convalescent plasma for Covid-19-induced ARDS in mechanically ventilated patients. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(17):1590-600.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260730172551_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07612-3","article-title":"Pressure control plus spontaneous ventilation versus volume assist-control ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. A randomised clinical trial","volume":"50","author":"Richard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Richard JM, Beloncle FM, B\u00e9duneau G, Mortaza S, Ehrmann S, Diehl JL, et al.; REVA network. Pressure control plus spontaneous ventilation versus volume assist-control ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. A randomised clinical trial. Intensive Care Med. 2024;50(10):1647-56.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260730172551_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.59556\/japi.71.0379","article-title":"Efficacy of pulse methylprednisolone in treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to malaria: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"71","author":"Tiwari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tiwari S, Kursange S, Goyal A, Safi D. Efficacy of pulse methylprednisolone in treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to malaria: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Assoc Physicians India. 2023;71(11):36-9.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1511-2","article-title":"Hydrocortisone treatment in early sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Tongyoo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tongyoo S, Permpikul C, Mongkolpun W, Vattanavanit V, Udompanturak S, Kocak M, et al. Hydrocortisone treatment in early sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: results of a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):329.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.328","article-title":"The definition of acute kidney injury and its use in practice","volume":"87","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thomas ME, Blaine C, Dawnay A, Devonald MA, Ftouh S, Laing C, et al. The definition of acute kidney injury and its use in practice. Kidney Int. 2015;87(1):62-73.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"10474","key":"key20260730172551_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02385-7","article-title":"Acute kidney injury","volume":"405","author":"Ostermann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ostermann M, Lumlertgul N, Jeong R, See E, Joannidis M, James M. Acute kidney injury. Lancet. 2025;405(10474):241-56.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2009-x","article-title":"Inclusion and definition of acute renal dysfunction in critically ill patients in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"da Hora Passos","year":"2018","unstructured":"da Hora Passos R, Ramos JG, Gobatto A, Caldas J, Macedo E, Batista PB. Inclusion and definition of acute renal dysfunction in critically ill patients in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2018;22(1):106.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260730172551_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06454-7","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in the critically ill: an updated review on pathophysiology and management","volume":"47","author":"Pickkers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pickkers P, Darmon M, Hoste E, Joannidis M, Legrand M, Ostermann M, et al. Acute kidney injury in the critically ill: an updated review on pathophysiology and management. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(8):835-50.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260730172551_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06587-9","article-title":"Randomised clinical trials in critical care: past, present and future","volume":"48","author":"Granholm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Granholm A, Alhazzani W, Derde LP, Angus DC, Zampieri FG, Hammond NE, et al. Randomised clinical trials in critical care: past, present and future. Intensive Care Med. 2022;48(2):164-78","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260730172551_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082986","article-title":"Consensus statements on the utility of defining ARDS and the utility of past and current definitions of ARDS-protocol for a Delphi study","volume":"14","author":"Nasa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nasa P, Bos LD, Estenssoro E, van Haren FM, Serpa Neto A, Rocco PR, et al. Consensus statements on the utility of defining ARDS and the utility of past and current definitions of ARDS-protocol for a Delphi study. BMJ Open. 2024;14(4):e082986.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260730172551_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(25)00115-8","article-title":"Defining and subphenotyping ARDS: insights from an international Delphi expert panel","volume":"13","author":"Nasa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nasa P, Bos LD, Estenssoro E, van Haren FM, Neto AS, Rocco PRM, et al.; DIOS investigators. Defining and subphenotyping ARDS: insights from an international Delphi expert panel. Lancet Respir Med. 2025;13(7):638-50","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260730172551_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14062067","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome and fluid management: finding the perfect balance","volume":"14","author":"Sbaraini Zernini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sbaraini Zernini I, Nocera D, D\u2019Albo R, Tonetti T. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and fluid management: finding the perfect balance. J Clin Med. 2025;14(6):2067.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260730172551_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006328","article-title":"The road to precision medicine for acute kidney injury","volume":"52","author":"Birkelo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Birkelo BC, Koyner JL, Ostermann M, Bhatraju PK. The road to precision medicine for acute kidney injury. Crit Care Med. 2024;52(7):1127-37.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00284-z","article-title":"Acute kidney injury","volume":"7","author":"Kellum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kellum JA, Romagnani P, Ashuntantang G, Ronco C, Zarbock A, Anders HJ. Acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):52.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05343-5","article-title":"Ventilation-induced acute kidney injury in acute respiratory failure: do PEEP levels matter?","volume":"29","author":"Benites","year":"2025","unstructured":"Benites MH, Suarez-Sipmann F, Kattan E, Cruces P, Retamal J. Ventilation-induced acute kidney injury in acute respiratory failure: do PEEP levels matter? Crit Care. 2025;29(1):130.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260730172551_B50","first-page":"555","article-title":"Acute kidney injury subphenotyping and personalized medicine","volume":"30","author":"Meersch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meersch M, Mayerh\u00f6fer T, Joannidis M. Acute kidney injury subphenotyping and personalized medicine. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2024;30(6):555-62.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260730172551_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04151-5","article-title":"Renal outcomes according to renal replacement therapy modality and treatment protocol in the ATN and RENAL trials","volume":"26","author":"Naorungroj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naorungroj T, Neto AS, Wang A, Gallagher M, Bellomo R. Renal outcomes according to renal replacement therapy modality and treatment protocol in the ATN and RENAL trials. Crit Care. 2022;26(1):269.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260730172551_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07211-8","article-title":"Initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy versus intermittent hemodialysis in critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury: a secondary analysis of STARRT-AKI trial","volume":"49","author":"Wald","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wald R, Gaudry S, da Costa BR, Adhikari NK, Bellomo R, Du B, et al.; STARRT-AKI Investigators. Initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy versus intermittent hemodialysis in critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury: a secondary analysis of STARRT-AKI trial. Intensive Care Med. 2023;49(11):1305-16.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["Critical Care Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:26:06Z","timestamp":1785432366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/criticalcarescience.org\/article\/underreporting-of-acute-kidney-injury-in-randomized-trials-of-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-with-mortality-endpoints-a-systematic-review\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.62675\/2965-2774.20260422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62675\/2965-2774.20260422","relation":{},"ISSN":["2965-2774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2965-2774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e20260422"}}