{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:39:07Z","timestamp":1785436747202,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Global Tracheostomy Collaborative","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"introduction\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tracheostomy is frequently performed in neurocritical patients to facilitate airway management and ventilator liberation. However, the optimal timing of tracheostomy remains controversial, particularly in stroke patients, where earlier intervention may impact recovery and healthcare resource utilization. This study evaluates the association between early (&lt;14 days) versus late (&gt;14 days) tracheostomy and key clinical outcomes in stroke and non-stroke neurocritical care patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a neuro-intensive care unit at an urban, quaternary care hospital. Adult patients (\u226518 years) who underwent both percutaneous tracheostomy and gastrostomy between 2007 and 2013 were included. Demographics, admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), ventilator days, reintubation rates, tracheostomy-related complications, costs, and discharge disposition were compared between stroke and non-stroke patients, as well as between early and late tracheostomy groups. Multivariable regression and competing risks models were used to adjust for confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 290 patients (145 stroke, 145 non-stroke), early tracheostomy was associated with significantly shorter ICU LOS (21.7 vs.\u00a027.6 days, p &lt; 0.01), reduced hospital LOS (32.4 vs.\u00a038.9 days, p &lt; 0.01), and lower total hospital costs ($121,645 vs.\u00a0$157,304, p &lt; 0.01) in stroke patients. Late tracheostomy was associated with a 2.7-fold increase in reintubation risk (p = 0.02) and 40% lower likelihood of discharge to rehabilitation (p &lt; 0.01). In non-stroke patients, late tracheostomy was linked to longer ICU LOS (35.5 vs.\u00a022.1 days, p &lt; 0.01), extended hospitalization (50.8 vs.\u00a032 days, p &lt; 0.01), and increased costs ($206,184 vs.\u00a0$128,788, p &lt; 0.01). Tracheostomy-related complications were more frequent in early tracheostomy stroke patients (22.1% vs.\u00a07.3%, p = 0.03), but this did not impact overall discharge outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early tracheostomy in neurocritical patients, particularly those with stroke, is associated with shorter ICU stays, lower reintubation rates, and improved discharge to rehabilitation. While early tracheostomy carries a higher risk of procedural complications, its benefits in ICU efficiency and recovery support its role in evidence-based airway management strategies. Future prospective studies should focus on refining patient selection criteria for early tracheostomy and evaluating long-term functional outcomes in neurocritical care populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.62905\/001c.133992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T19:18:46Z","timestamp":1752866326000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Timing of Tracheostomy and Association with Ventilator Liberation, Length of Stay, and Discharge Outcomes in Neurocritical Patients"],"prefix":"10.62905","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Michael A","family":"Amano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","department":["School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona N","family":"Bahouth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037zgn354","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","department":["Department of Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryce","family":"Kassalow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","department":["School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Hochster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","department":["School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00jmfr291","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Michigan","department":["School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth K","family":"Zink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037zgn354","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","department":["Department of Neurology"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cb1k848","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","department":["Neurocritical Care Unit"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4926-0957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","department":["Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-1080","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vinciya","family":"Pandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04p491231","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Pennsylvania State University","department":["Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04p491231","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Pennsylvania State University","department":["Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04p491231","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Pennsylvania State University","department":["Center for Immersive Learning and Digital Innovation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"49560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102729","article-title":"Tracheostomy Timing in Unselected Critically Ill Patients with Prolonged Intubation: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"13","author":"P. Tekin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1097\/pcc.0000000000003120","article-title":"Timing of Tracheostomy in Critically Ill Infants and Children With Respiratory Failure: A Pediatric Health Information System Study","volume":"24","author":"P. Mehrotra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04443-4","article-title":"Early versus late tracheostomy: what do patients want?","volume":"27","author":"A. L. Sutt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31397","article-title":"Impact of Tracheostomy Timing Within the National Veterans Affairs Population","volume":"134","author":"T. Blackwell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04417-6","article-title":"Tracheostomy timing and outcome in critically ill patients with stroke: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"27","author":"L. Premraj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01339-7","article-title":"The impact of tracheostomy timing on clinical outcomes and adverse events in intubated patients with infratentorial lesions: early versus late tracheostomy","volume":"44","author":"H. W. Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.4798","article-title":"Effect of Early vs Standard Approach to Tracheostomy on Functional Outcome at 6 Months Among Patients With Severe Stroke Receiving Mechanical Ventilation","volume":"327","author":"J. B\u00f6sel","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05935-5","article-title":"Tracheostomy practice and timing in traumatic brain-injured patients: a CENTER-TBI study","volume":"46","author":"C. Robba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455926","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1455926","article-title":"Clinical management and nursing care for patients with tracheostomy following traumatic brain injury","volume":"15","author":"X. Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.0528","article-title":"STROBE Reporting Guidelines for Observational Studies","volume":"156","author":"A. A. Ghaferi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000001123","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"147","author":"C. W. Tsao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation","volume":"40","author":"M. E. Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Chronic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0117323","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117323","article-title":"Validity of the age-adjusted charlson comorbidity index on clinical outcomes for patients with nasopharyngeal cancer post radiation treatment: a 5-year nationwide cohort study","volume":"10","author":"C. C. Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.03.012","article-title":"Comparison of Glasgow Coma Scale and Full Outline of UnResponsiveness score to assess the level of consciousness in patients admitted to intensive care units and emergency departments: A quantitative systematic review","volume":"38","author":"F. K. Brun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(96)00013-3","article-title":"The Glasgow Coma Scale: a critical appraisal of its clinimetric properties","volume":"49","author":"K. Prasad","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.60.5.0955","article-title":"Assessment of level of consciousness following severe neurological insult. A comparison of the psychometric qualities of the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Comprehensive Level of Consciousness Scale","volume":"60","author":"D. E. Stanczak","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"446","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A Proportional Hazards Model for the Subdistribution of a Competing Risk","volume":"94","author":"J. P. Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0b013e3181a39056","article-title":"Prognostic Models With Competing Risks","volume":"20","author":"M. Wolbers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001105","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2023-001105","article-title":"Tracheostomies for respiratory failure are associated with a high inpatient mortality: a potential trigger to reconsider goals of care","volume":"9","author":"C. Cameron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0307267","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307267","article-title":"Effect of tracheotomy timing on patients receiving mechanical ventilation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"19","author":"R. Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/sla.0000000000004955","article-title":"Tracheostomy for COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Multidisciplinary, Multicenter Data on Timing, Technique, and Outcomes","volume":"274","author":"K. Mahmood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85489-y","article-title":"Airway management and functional outcomes in intubated patients with ischemic stroke","volume":"15","author":"J. W. Jung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-205","article-title":"Improving airway management and tracheostomy care through interprofessional collaboration: aligning timing, technique, and teamwork","volume":"15","author":"V. Pandian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd015532","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.Cd015532","article-title":"Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID-19 patients","volume":"11","author":"A. Szafran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001335","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2023-001335","article-title":"Survivorship in ICU patients undergoing tracheostomy for respiratory failure: from triggers to interprofessional team-based care","volume":"9","author":"M. J. Brenner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.62905\/001c.115440","article-title":"Enhancing Communication in Critically Ill Patients with a Tracheostomy: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Interventions and Outcomes","volume":"1","author":"M. N. Gentile","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tracheostomy"},{"issue":"19-20","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6967","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16815","article-title":"Effectiveness of interprofessional tracheostomy teams: A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"A. Ninan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103393","article-title":"Defining effective communication for critically ill patients with an artificial airway: An international multi-professional consensus","volume":"76","author":"C. J. Zaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2018.08.006","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Tracheostomy Care: How Collaboratives Drive Quality Improvement","volume":"52","author":"J. R. Bedwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.04.054","article-title":"Global Tracheostomy Collaborative: data-driven improvements in patient safety through multidisciplinary teamwork, standardisation, education, and patient partnership","volume":"125","author":"M. J. Brenner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.04.064","article-title":"Improving tracheostomy care in the United Kingdom: results of a guided quality improvement programme in 20 diverse hospitals","volume":"125","author":"B. A. McGrath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489420941542","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Tracheostomy Quality Improvement in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Building a Global Learning Community","volume":"130","author":"C. Swords","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-01127-7","article-title":"US Practitioner Attitudes Toward Tracheostomy Timing, Benefits, Risks, and Techniques for Severe Stroke Patients: A National Survey and National Inpatient Sample Analysis","volume":"34","author":"C. W. Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002575","article-title":"Earlier Tracheostomy Reduces Complications in Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Real-World Practice: Analysis of a Multicenter Cohort of 2001 Patients","volume":"93","author":"M. Balas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348221082288","article-title":"\"HYPER-EARLY\" Tracheostomy within 48 hours has less Complications and Better Prognosis Compared to Traditional Tracheostomy","volume":"88","author":"T. Nahar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0796","DOI":"10.1097\/cce.0000000000000796","article-title":"Outcomes of Early Versus Late Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19: A Multinational Cohort Study","volume":"4","author":"C. S. Harrell Shreckengost","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.114.006667","article-title":"Functional outcome after common poststroke complications occurring in the first 90 days","volume":"46","author":"G. Rohweder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103720","article-title":"Global predictors of tracheostomy-related pressure injury in the COVID-19 era: A study of secondary data","volume":"86","author":"C. H. Moser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.0184","article-title":"Shared Decision-making and Stakeholder Engagement in COVID-19 Tracheostomy","volume":"147","author":"A. Agrawal","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"15-16","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4782","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16535","article-title":"Implementation of an evidence-based accidental tracheostomy dislodgement bundle in a community hospital critical care unit","volume":"32","author":"D. T. U. Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref41","first-page":"16","article-title":"A Simulated Tracheostomy Tube Change Educational Intervention to Promote Competency Among Novice Healthcare Professionals: A Repeated Measures Study","volume":"1","author":"J. Peter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tracheostomy"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15992","article-title":"Acquired laryngeal and subglottic stenosis following COVID-19\u2014Preparing for the coming deluge","volume":"33","author":"S. Allgood","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Elevating Tracheostomy Care Through Data-Driven Innovation: What Can Education, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Learn from One Another?","volume":"1","author":"M. J. Brenner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tracheostomy (Warrenville, Ill)"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.0025","article-title":"Association of Early vs Late Tracheostomy Placement With Pneumonia and Ventilator Days in Critically Ill Patients","volume":"147","author":"K. Chorath","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29562","article-title":"Voice, Swallow, and Airway Impairment After Late Tracheostomy: Defining Features of COVID-19 Survivorship","volume":"131","author":"M. B. Brodsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103354","article-title":"Tracheostomy care and communication during COVID-19: Global interprofessional perspectives","volume":"43","author":"C. H. Moser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202010-1282OC","article-title":"Standard versus Accelerated Speaking Valve Placement after Percutaneous Tracheostomy: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study","volume":"18","author":"K. A. Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.01.074","article-title":"POINT: Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19: Should We Do It Before 14 Days? Yes","volume":"159","author":"M. J. Brenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.12.064","article-title":"COUNTERPOINT: Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19: Should We Do It Before 14 Days? No","volume":"159","author":"V. Pandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.01.076","article-title":"Rebuttal From Drs Brenner, Feller-Kopman, and De Cardenas","volume":"159","author":"M. J. Brenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.01.075","article-title":"Rebuttal From Drs Pandian, Murgu, and Lamb","volume":"159","author":"V. Pandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04417-6","article-title":"Tracheostomy timing and outcome in critically ill patients with stroke: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"27","author":"L. Premraj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Tracheostomy: Official Journal of the Global Tracheostomy Collaborative"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/trachjournal.scholasticahq.com\/article\/133992-timing-of-tracheostomy-and-association-with-ventilator-liberation-length-of-stay-and-discharge-outcomes-in-neurocritical-patients","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T05:49:47Z","timestamp":1769233787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trachjournal.scholasticahq.com\/article\/133992-timing-of-tracheostomy-and-association-with-ventilator-liberation-length-of-stay-and-discharge-outcomes-in-neurocritical-patients"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62905\/001c.133992","relation":{},"ISSN":["2997-2531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2997-2531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}}}