{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:24:13Z","timestamp":1787678653455,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CJAP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune and inflammatory disease that mostly impacts the joints. Chronotherapeutics refers to a treatment method in which in-vivo drug availability is timed to match rhythms of disease in order to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize side effects. Flurbiprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indicated for the relief of inflammation. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to develop &amp; optimize the microsponges based of Flurbiprofen tablet for Chronotherapeutics for enhanced therapeutic effect. Methods: Microsponges were developed by Quasi Emulsion solvent diffusion method. Prepared microsponges were optimized in order to analyze the effects of independent variables like concentration of PVA (X1), Volume of Dichloromethane (X2) &amp; stirring speed (X3) on the Entrapment Efficiency (Y1), Mean particle size (Y2) and Drug release at 8 hr (Y3) using box Behnken design. The optimized formulation was subjected to in vitro study and Comparison with marketed formulation. With release kinetics study. Result: The optimized formulation Batch (F-18) Show particle size of 49.12\u00b5m, entrapment efficiency of 87.46%, and drug release at 8 h 70.49%, which is under the acceptance criteria, which is more effective compared with Marketed tablet. Conclusion: The results showed that, as stirring speed increases, the particle size decreases and entrapment efficiency increases. While volume of dichloromethane increases, particle size decreases. Morphology was found to be porous and spherical. Optimized batch of Flurbiprofen microsponge was further formulated in future for invivo study and clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.62958\/j.cjap.2024.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T01:18:27Z","timestamp":1721783907000},"page":"e20240016","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Formulation Development, Optimization and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Microsponge Tablet for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) by using Box- Behnken Design"],"prefix":"10.62958","volume":"40","author":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Gurunanak Institution of Technical campus- School of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthadi Radhika","family":"Reddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhavi Latha","family":"Samala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Associate Professor, Aditya College of Pharmacy, Aditya nagar, ADB road, Surampalem, kakinada district, Andhra Pradesh 533437","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narahari","family":"KV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Assistant Professor, Dept of Pharmaceutics, KLE College of Pharmacy (Under KAHER Deemed to be a University), India","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.K.","family":"Shyamala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Associate professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, G.R.D college of pharmacy, The Tamilnadu Dr MGR medical university, Chennai, India","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parag","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Professor, Shastry Institute of Pharmacy Erandol, Maharashtra, India","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhargav","family":"Gunnepalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Research associate- DMPK, Aurigene oncology ltd, Industrial Area, Joggers Ln, Phase 2, Electronic City, Bengaluru, India","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanthi","family":"Boddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Assistant Professor, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, India","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7132-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. Naga","family":"Aparna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Associate Professor, G. Pullareddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, India","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"49313","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"container-title":["Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T01:18:28Z","timestamp":1721783908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/47.94.85.12:8889\/article\/1815918363953848320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62958\/j.cjap.2024.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1000-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1000-6834","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}