{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T22:25:04Z","timestamp":1784586304322,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ARP Rheumatol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Axial spondyloarthritis, also referred to as ankylosing spondylitis, is a chronic inflammatory condition that  predominantly affects the axial spine but may also present with peripheral arthritis. It falls within the umbrella of  disorders known as spondyloarthropathies. In addition to axial spondyloarthritis, this group includes psoriatic arthritis,  enteropathic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, with axial spondyloarthritis  being one of the most common. The overall mechanisms underlying the development of axial spondyloarthritis are  complex and multifactorial. There is a significant and well-recognized association between axial spondyloarthritis  and the HLA-B27 gene, but there have also been non-HLA genes identified in the disease process, as well as certain  inflammatory cytokines that play a role in the inflammatory process, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). More  recently, there has been research and new evidence linking changes in the gut microbiota to the disease process of  axial spondyloarthritis. Research into the role of the gut microbiota and gut dysbiosis is a large, ever-growing field.  It has been associated with a multitude of conditions, including axial spondyloarthritis. This mini-review highlights  the symbiotic relationship of the gut microbiota with the pathogenesis, therapeutic agents and future treatments of  axial spondyloarthritis .<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.63032\/wuii1201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T18:35:14Z","timestamp":1728153314000},"page":"216-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gut microbiota in axial spondyloarthritis : genetics, medications and future treatments"],"prefix":"10.63032","volume":"3","author":[{"name":"Birmingham City Hospital, England","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Yemula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"King\u2019s Mill Hospital, England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"49459","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket387","article-title":"Global incidence of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"53","author":"Dean","year":"2014","unstructured":"1. 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