{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T23:22:48Z","timestamp":1794352968365,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MedWorks Media","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacol Bull"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and ketamine infusion (KET-IFU) in routine care for patients with bipolar I or II depression (BPD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic medical records of patients who received ECT and\/or KET-IFU were used to identify patients with BPD who received both ECT and KET-IFU treatments. The change in the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-16-SR) total score was used as an efficacy outcome. Self-reported side effects and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used as safety measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six patients with BPD received both ECT and KET-IFU treatments. All patients received ECT first. Five patients received KET-IFU due to subjective memory concerns from ECT although their MoCA scores were within normal range. One patient with multiple previous ECT series received two KET-IFU series followed by an ECT series. Four patients responded to acute ECT treatments well with \u2a7e 50% improvement in QIDS-16-SR total scores. Two of them also responded to KET-IFU well with \u2a7e 50% improvement but the onset of antidepressant effect differed. One patient did not respond to ECT or KET-IFU. The patient who had two series of KET-IFU responded well during the first KET-IFU series but had limited benefit from the second KET-IFU series. No patient discontinued KET-IFU due to an adverse event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most patients responded to ECT well and half of them had similar benefit from KET-IFU as from ECT. Randomized, head-to-head comparison studies of ECT versus KET-IFU in BPD are warranted to confirm or refute these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64719\/pb.18534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T08:56:35Z","timestamp":1780995395000},"page":"130-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Electroconvulsive Therapy and Ketamine Infusion in Patients with Bipolar I or II Depression: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.64719","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Keming","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evrim Bayrak","family":"Oruc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Wobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margret","family":"Musso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buket","family":"Koparal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zarate CA, Jr, Brutsche NE, Ibrahim L et al. 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