{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:16:55Z","timestamp":1792163815865,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MedWorks Media","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacol Bull"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brief and repetitive episodes of perceptual changes, termed paroxysmal perceptual alteration (PPA), have been described in association with antipsychotic treatment. We report a case of paranoid schizophrenia who had such perceptual changes akin to PPA for 15 years, that was not related to antipsychotic treatment. There was a rapid resolution of PPA following treatment with low dose clonazepam.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64719\/pb.4059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:39:16Z","timestamp":1761046756000},"page":"44-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Paroxysmal Perceptual Alteration: Drug-Induced Phenomenon or Schizophrenic Psychopathology?"],"prefix":"10.64719","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Samir Kumar","family":"Praharaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreejayan","family":"K.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahima","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchida H, Suzuki T, Tanaka KF et al. Recurrent episodes of perceptual alteration in patients treated with antipsychotic agents. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;23:496\u2013499.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000088910.24613.44"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Praharaj SK, Arora M, Ray P. Antipsychotic-induced paroxysmal perceptual alteration. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2008;31:184\u2013186.","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3180ed44b6"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Praharaj SK, Samal A, Sarkhel S et al. Clozapine-induced persistent paroxysmal perceptual alteration. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010;34:1151\u20131152.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.06.001"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchida H, Suzuki T, Watanabe K et al. Antipsychotic-induced paroxysmal perceptual alteration. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:2243\u20132244.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2243-a"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchida H, Suzuki T, Watanabe K et al. Antipsychotics-induced hypersensitivity of visual perception. Eur Psychiatry. 2006;21:343\u2013344.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2005.01.007"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pariwatcharakul P, Ketumarn P. Antipsychotic-induced paroxysmal perceptual alteration in a patient with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;63:429\u2013430.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2009.01963.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakajima S, Suzuki T, Uchida H et al. Antipsychotic-induced paroxysmal perceptual alteration in a patient with bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2009;33:160\u2013161.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.10.021"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Watanabe K. [Paroxysmal perceptual alteration in comparison with hallucination\u2014a review of its clinical reports and discussion of its pathophysiological mechanism in the present day, when second generation antipsychotics are widely used] Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2009;111:127\u2013136."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchida H, Suzuki T, Yamazawa R et al. Reducing the dose of antipsychotic agents ameliorates visual hypersensitivity attack: an ideal treatment option in terms of the adverse effect. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;26:50\u201355.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000195384.04008.25"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higuchi H, Shimizu T, Hishikawa Y. Recurrent paroxysmal episodes characterized by perceptual alteration in three schizophrenic patients on neuroleptic medication. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997;51:99\u2013101.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1997.tb02369.x"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Kondo M, Ikejiri Y, Hanatani T et al. [Disappearance of paroxysmal perceptual alteration by switching to aripiprazole in a schizophrenic patient] Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2010;112:23\u201330."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Praharaj SK, Sarkhel S, Akhtar S. Stereotyped paroxysmal psychiatric symptoms during oculogyric crisis or \u2018cognitive dystonia\u2019: a case report. Curr Drug Saf. 2011;6:49\u201350.","DOI":"10.2174\/157488611794479982"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonelli RM, Cummings JL. Frontal-subcortical circuitry and behavior. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2007;9:141\u2013151.","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2007.9.2\/rbonelli"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:24:16Z","timestamp":1791314656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medworksmedia.com\/pb-article\/paroxysmal-perceptual-alteration-drug-induced-phenomenon-or-schizophrenic-psychopathology\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64719\/pb.4059","relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-2448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-2448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}}}