{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:21:27Z","timestamp":1791397287594,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MedWorks Media","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacol Bull"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction\nCognitive deficits within the first years of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) diagnosis are commonly reported, and progression to dementia greatly impacts independence. Identifying measures sensitive to early changes is critical for trials of symptomatic therapies and neuroprotection.\nMethods\nA sample of 253 newly diagnosed PD patients and 134 Health Controls (HC) completed a brief cognitive battery annually over a 5-year period through the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). The battery included standardized measures of memory, visuospatial functions, processing speed, working memory, and verbal fluency. Inclusion criterion for HCs was performance above a cutoff for possible Mild Cognitive Impairment (pMCI) on cognitive screening (MoCA \u2a7e 27) The PD sample was therefore divided to match HCs on baseline cognitive testing (PD-normal n = 169; PD-pMCI n = 84). The multivariate approach to repeated measures examined rates of change between groups on cognitive measures.\nResults\nAn interaction indicating slightly greater decline over time in PD-normal relative to HCs was observed on a measure of working memory: letter-number sequencing. Differential rates of change were not observed on any other measures. Motor symptoms on the dominant right upper extremity accounted for performance differences on a test with writing demands (Symbol-Digit Modality Test). PD-pMCI performed worse than PD-normal on all cognitive measures at baseline, but did not decline faster.\nDiscussion\nWorking memory appears to decline slightly faster in early PD compared to HCs, while other domains remain similar. Within PD, faster decline was not associated with lower baseline cognition. These findings have implications for clinical trial outcome selection and study design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64719\/pb.4458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:39:16Z","timestamp":1761046756000},"page":"19-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Are Standardized Tests Sensitive to Early Cognitive Change in Parkinson\u2019s Disease?"],"prefix":"10.64719","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Travis H","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H","family":"Lench","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Marsicano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Rodriguez-Porcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aarsland D, Batzu L, Halliday GM, Geurtsen GJ, Ballard C, Ray Chaudhuri K, Weintraub D. 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