{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:36:43Z","timestamp":1791380203299,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MedWorks Media","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacol Bull"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective\nHallucinogen-persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a rare condition characterized by the re-experiencing of one or more perceptual symptoms that an individual experienced while intoxicated with a hallucinogenic substance when the individual is sober. While there are several case reports of HPPD in adult patients, there is a scarcity of documented cases in children and adolescents. The purpose of this article is to highlight the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of HPPD in a 16-year-old male patient.\nMethods\nIn this case report, the patient is a 16-year-old male with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and polysubstance use using Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin, cannabis, and benzodiazepines. He endorsed having auditory hallucinations and a heightened sense of hearing in between usage of MDMA for the past eight months and described auditory and visual hallucinations during his 5-day admission at the inpatient child psychiatric unit. Aripiprazole 5 mg was used as treatment for HPPD.\nResults\nOn review of literature, the first-line treatment for HPPD with clonidine and benzodiazepine has been documented by few case reports. Second generation antipsychotics are documented to be less effective with the exception of aripiprazole. The authors witnessed gradual improvement in the patient\u2019s symptoms with the use of aripiprazole, although it was not completely resolved during his hospital course.\nConclusions\nThis case demonstrates the presentation of HPPD and efficacy of aripiprazole in an adolescent patient. The diagnosis was further complicated by the patient\u2019s history of polysubstance use, and determining a distinction from non-substance-induced psychotic disorders was paramount.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64719\/pb.4525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:23:34Z","timestamp":1761045814000},"page":"94-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hallucinogen-Persisting Perception Disorder in a 16-Year-Old Adolescent"],"prefix":"10.64719","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Mori-Kreiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpit","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meelie","family":"Bordoloi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Association AP. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5-TR. 5th. 2022. text revision ed."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Lerner AG, Rudinski D, Bor O, Goodman C. Flashbacks and HPPD: A Clinical-oriented Concise Review. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2014;51(4):296\u2013301."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinotti G, Santacroce R, Pettorruso M et al. Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder: Etiology, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Perspectives. Brain Sciences. 2018;8(3):47.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8030047"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schetz D, Schetz A, Koci\u0107 I. A retrospective analysis of the \u201cNeverending Trip\u201d after administration of a potent full agonist of 5-HT2A receptor - 25I-NBOMe. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;146:112295. doi: 10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112295.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112295"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hadley M, Halliday A, Stone JM. Association of Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder with Trait Neuroticism and Mental Health Symptoms. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2023:1\u20137. doi: 10.1080\/02791072.2023.2287081.","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2023.2287081"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Killion B, Hai AH, Alsolami A, Vaughn MG, Sehun Oh P, Salas-Wright CP. LSD use in the United States: Trends, correlates, and a typology of us. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;223:108715. doi: 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108715.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108715"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hughes AR, Grusing S, Lin A et al. Trends in intentional abuse and misuse ingestions in school-aged children and adolescents reported to US poison centers from 2000\u20132020. Clinical Toxicology. 2023;61(1):64\u201371. doi: 10.1080\/15563650.2022.2120818.","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2022.2120818"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Desai S, Kulkarni N, Gandhi K, Xiong You X, Gerolemou A. The Link Between Marijuana and Hallucinogen Use Among US Adolescents. The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders. 2022;24(5) doi: 10.4088\/PCC.21br03204. Brief Report.","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.21br03204"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parnes JE, Kentopp SD, Conner BT, Rebecca RA. Who takes the trip? Personality and hallucinogen use among college students and adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2020;217:108263. doi: 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108263.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108263"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:33:25Z","timestamp":1791315205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medworksmedia.com\/pb-article\/hallucinogen-persisting-perception-disorder-in-a-16-year-old-adolescent\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64719\/pb.4525","relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-2448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-2448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}}}