{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:32:12Z","timestamp":1791379932373,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MedWorks Media","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacol Bull"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives\nTo examine the efficacy of lithium as a mood stabilizer for patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).\nExperimental Design\nA retrospective chart review was performed that examined the use of both extended and immediate release lithium carbonate in patients with ASD that were treated at a single clinical center (CNNH NeuroHealth). Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scales were used to quantify baseline severity of ASD and mood symptoms as well as improvement after treatment with lithium carbonate.\nPrinciple Observations\nOur retrospective chart review found that 73.7% (n = 14) of patients with ASD and concomitant maladaptive behaviors experienced \u201cimprovement\u201d (CGI-I rating \u2264 3) with the addition of lithium to their treatment regimen. Those with comorbid \u201cADHD\u201d phenotype were most predictive of an efficacious response (p = 0.038, Odds Ratio 12.2).\nConclusions\nLithium carbonate is a viable, efficacious and well tolerated alternative to various neuroleptics and other psychotropic medications for use as a mood stabilizer for patients with ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64719\/pb.4591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:39:16Z","timestamp":1761046756000},"page":"28-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Revisiting Lithium: Utility for Behavioral Stabilization in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.64719","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Mintz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Hollenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shortner E. The history of lithium therapy. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11:4\u20139.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00706.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guzzetta F, Tondo L, Centorrino F, Baldessarini R. Lithium Treatment Reduces Suicide Risk in Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:380\u2013383.","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0304"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malone R, Delaney M, Luebbert J, Cater J, Campbell M. A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Lithium in Hospitalized Aggressive Children and Adolescents With Conduct Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:649\u2013654.","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.7.649"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldessarini R, Tondo L. Does Lithium Treatment Still Work? Evidence of Stable Responses Over Three Decades. 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Neuropsychoparhmacol. 2001;24:359\u2013369.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00207-4"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown K, Tracy D. Lithium: the pharmacodynamic actions of the amazing ion. J Psychopharmacol. 2012;3:163\u2013176.","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125312471963"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prickaerts J, Moechars D, Cryns K et al. Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3\u03b2: A Putative Model of Hyperactivity and Mania. J Neurosci. 2006;26:9022\u20139029.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5216-05.2006"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rapoport S, Bosetti F. Do Lithium and Anticonvulsants Target the Brain Arachidonic Acid Cascade in Bipolar Disorder? Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:592\u2013596.","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.7.592"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Tobe B, Crain A, Winquist A et al. Probing the lithium-response pathway in hiPSCs implicates the phosphoregulatory set-point for a cytoskeletal modulator in bipolar pathogenesis. PNAS. 2017;114:E4462\u2013E4471."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jobski K, Hofer J, Hoffman F, Bachmann C. Use of psychotropic drugs in patients with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2017;135:8\u201328.","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12644"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serret S, Thummler S, Dor R, Vesperini S, Santos A, Askenazy F. Lithium as a rescue therapy for regression and catatonia features in two SHANK3 patients with autism spectrum disorder: case reports. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0490-1"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boil J, Donno F, Petza S, Cera F, Balia C, Carucci S, Zuddas A. 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ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. 1976","DOI":"10.1037\/e591322011-001"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Severus WE, Kleindienst N, Seemuller F, Fangou S, Moller HJ, Griel W. What is the optimal serum lithium level in the long\u2010term treatment of bipolar disorder \u2013 a review? Bipolar Disord. 2008;10:231\u2013237.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00475.x"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:35:11Z","timestamp":1791315311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medworksmedia.com\/pb-article\/revisiting-lithium-utility-for-behavioral-stabilization-in-adolescents-and-adults-with-autism-spectrum-disorder\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64719\/pb.4591","relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-2448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-2448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}}}