{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:45:21Z","timestamp":1785422721231,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"group-title":"Genomics","reference-count":83,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"award":["F32DK122766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32DK122766"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01HG012871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HG012871"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01DK100449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK100449"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R21DK126329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21DK126329"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001463","name":"American Society of Nephrology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001463","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043bb8m89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04b6nzv94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dvg7y05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Allele-specific expression (ASE), the preferential expression of one gene copy, is a key mechanism of genomic regulation. However, its role in human kidney disease remains poorly understood. In this study, we generated a high-quality, genome-wide ASE map using paired whole-genome sequencing and RNA-seq from microdissected glomerular (GLOM) and tubulointerstitial (TUBE) compartments of patients with proteinuric kidney disease. We showed that the majority of common ASE events were deterministic and sequence-mediated. We also found that diseased kidneys exhibited significantly more ASE in GLOM than TUBE, compared to controls. Unexpectedly, higher ASE in GLOM than TUBE was significantly associated with improved kidney disease outcomes in the disease cohort. Differential gene expression analysis suggested this was the result of an active, protective transcriptional response, including ribosome and ATP synthesis upregulation, rather than pathogenic dysregulation. Our work reveals glomerular ASE as a marker of adaptive transcriptional activity in proteinuric kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.03.692205","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T10:13:46Z","timestamp":1765275226000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The landscape of allele-specific expression in human kidneys"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Onuchic-Whitford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junmo","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Sakkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle T.","family":"McNulty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anya","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihoon G.","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital; Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sowmya","family":"Badina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Digital Health and Precision Medicine, The Apollo University; Chittoor, 517127, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"NEPTUNE (Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura H.","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Bitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9560-076X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew G.","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1568-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biodatasci-021621-122219","article-title":"Perspectives on Allele-Specific Expression","volume":"4","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Data Sci"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2815"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay0256"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4298"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2020.10.007"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castel, S. E. , Mohammadi, P. , Chung, W. K. , Shen, Y. & Lappalainen, T . Rare variant phasing and haplotypic expression from RNA sequencing with phASER. Nat. Commun. 7, 12817 (2016).","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12817"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castel, S. E. , Levy-Moonshine, A. , Mohammadi, P. , Banks, E. & Lappalainen, T . Tools and best practices for data processing in allelic expression analysis. Genome Biol. 16, 195 (2015).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0762-6"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007308"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3582"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panousis, N. I. , Gutierrez-Arcelus, M. , Dermitzakis, E. T. & Lappalainen, T . Allelic mapping bias in RNA-sequencing is not a major confounder in eQTL studies. Genome Biol. 15, 467 (2014).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0467-2"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattevi, S. , Mazzarotto, F. & Martini, P . Allele-specific expression analysis: pipelines, applications, challenges, and unmet needs. Comput. Biol. Med. 196, 110890 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.110890"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008786"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muto, Y. et al. Single cell transcriptional and chromatin accessibility profiling redefine cellular heterogeneity in the adult human kidney. Nat. Commun. 12, 2190 (2021).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22368-w"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.10.003"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0461-9"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langmyhr, M. et al. Allele-specific expression of Parkinson\u2019s disease susceptibility genes in human brain. Sci. Rep. 11, 504 (2021).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79990-9"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKean, D. M. et al. Loss of RNA expression and allele-specific expression associated with congenital heart disease. Nat. Commun. 7, 12824 (2016).","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12824"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sigurdsson, M. I. et al. Allele-specific expression in the human heart and its application to postoperative atrial fibrillation and myocardial ischemia. Genome Med. 8, 127 (2016).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0381-1"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Beek, D. et al. Allele-specific expression analysis for complex genetic phenotypes applied to a unique dilated cardiomyopathy cohort. Sci. Rep. 13, 564 (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27591-7"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.20","unstructured":"Liu, H. et al. Kidney multiome-based genetic scorecard reveals convergent coding and regulatory variants. Science 387, eadp4753 (2025)."},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castel, S. E. et al. A vast resource of allelic expression data spanning human tissues. Genome Biol. 21, 234 (2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/792911"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz1776"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.23","unstructured":"Garza, F. A. & Leslie, S. W. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Kidneys. in StatPearls (StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2025)."},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05769-3"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.25","unstructured":"Ogobuiro, I. & Tuma, F. Physiology, Renal. in StatPearls (StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2025)."},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-024-00843-z","article-title":"Podocyte-targeted therapies - progress and future directions","volume":"20","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06551-x","article-title":"Mechanisms of podocyte injury in genetic kidney disease","volume":"40","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol. Berl. Ger"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806891"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.10.031"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.428"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/085050"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delaneau, O. , Zagury, J.-F. , Robinson, M. R. , Marchini, J. L. & Dermitzakis, E. T . Accurate, scalable and integrative haplotype estimation. Nat. Commun. 10, 5436 (2019).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13225-y"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.09.004"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.35","first-page":"15","article-title":"STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinforma. Oxf. Engl"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.01.21.576391"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.192278.115"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, S. K. et al. Mapping genomic regulation of kidney disease and traits through high-resolution and interpretable eQTLs. Nat. Commun. 14, 2229 (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37691-7"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.043"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz1776"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01904-6"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nembaware, V. et al. Genome-wide survey of allele-specific splicing in humans. BMC Genomics 9, 265 (2008).","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-265"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Love, M. I. , Huber, W. & Anders, S . Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 15, 550 (2014).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi, L. et al. Urinary Excretion of Kidney Aquaporins as Possible Diagnostic Biomarker of Diabetic Nephropathy. J. Diabetes Res. 2017, 4360357 (2017).","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4360357"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, C. & Zhang, W . Urinary AQP5 is independently associated with eGFR decline in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 155, 107805 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107805"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.46","first-page":"233","article-title":"Lysozyme promotes renal fibrosis through the JAK\/STAT3 signal pathway in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"20","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci. AMS"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y. H. et al. Urinary mRNA Signatures as Predictors of Renal Function Decline in Patients With Biopsy-Proven Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front. Endocrinol. 12, 774436 (2021).","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.774436"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2025.06.017","article-title":"AJKD Atlas of Renal Pathology: Lysozyme-Associated Nephropathy","volume":"86","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis. Off. J. Natl. Kidney Found"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.08.029","article-title":"Purinergic signaling in kidney disease","volume":"91","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008060559","article-title":"P2X7 deficiency attenuates renal injury in experimental glomerulonephritis","volume":"20","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.51","first-page":"386","article-title":"Increased expression of the pro-apoptotic ATP-sensitive P2X7 receptor in experimental and human glomerulonephritis","volume":"22","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. Off. Publ. Eur. Dial. Transpl. Assoc. - Eur. Ren. Assoc"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Z. et al. CerS6 links ceramide metabolism to innate immune responses in diabetic kidney disease. Nat. Commun. 16, 1528 (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56891-x"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C538","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00144.2023","article-title":"CERS6-derived ceramides aggravate kidney fibrosis by inhibiting PINK1-mediated mitophagy in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"325","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70022","DOI":"10.1002\/ccs3.70022","article-title":"Modulation of podocyte extracellular matrix remodeling in membranous nephropathy by the NFATc3\/LRRC55\/BK channel pathway","volume":"19","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.189"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.56","first-page":"340","article-title":"Fc\u03b3RIIb on myeloid cells and intrinsic renal cells rather than B cells protects from nephrotoxic nephritis","volume":"190","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Baltim. Md"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05132.x"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2011.12.007"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3109\/08977194.2014.975799","article-title":"Human kidney podocyte cell population as a novel biological target of nerve growth factor","volume":"33","year":"2015","journal-title":"Growth Factors Chur Switz"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.60","first-page":"703","article-title":"Nerve growth factor receptor expression in fetal, mature, and diseased human kidneys","volume":"69","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab. Investig. J. Tech. Methods Pathol"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.5301\/JN.2011.6418","article-title":"Altered expression of nerve growth factor and its receptors in the kidneys of diabetic rats","volume":"24","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nephrol"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.149"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1293","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00117.2019","article-title":"Inhibition of fibronectin polymerization alleviates kidney injury due to ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"316","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H. et al. Identification of CCL19 as a Novel Immune-Related Biomarker in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front. Genet. 13, 830437 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.830437"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato, Y. & Yanagita, M . Resident fibroblasts in the kidney: a major driver of fibrosis and inflammation. Inflamm. Regen. 37, 17 (2017).","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-017-0048-3"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.66","first-page":"e22938","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq with spatial transcriptomics to create an atlas of human diabetic kidney disease","volume":"37","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002325"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511200103"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.10.042","article-title":"Distribution and expression of fibroblast-specific protein chemokine CCL21 and chemokine receptor CCR7 in renal allografts","volume":"45","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vojtusek, I. K. et al. First Characterization of ADAMTS-4 in Kidney Tissue and Plasma of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-A Potential Novel Diagnostic Indicator. Diagn. Basel Switz. 12, 648 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12030648"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J. et al. A novel role of ADAMTS16 in renal fibrosis through activating TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling. Cell. Signal. 122, 111347 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111347"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C.-H. , Ke, G.-M. , Lin, P.-C. & Lin, K.-D . Therapeutic DNA vaccine encoding CEMIP (KIAA1199) ameliorates kidney fibrosis in obesity through inhibiting the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj. 1865, 130019 (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2021.130019"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e396","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.213","article-title":"Integrin alpha 11 in the regulation of the myofibroblast phenotype: implications for fibrotic diseases","volume":"49","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.74","first-page":"e2406936","article-title":"Targeting Neuraminidase 4 Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis in Mice","volume":"11","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. Weinh. Baden-Wurtt. Ger"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Activation of HIF-1\u03b1 C-terminal transactivation domain promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis through hexokinase 2-mediated metabolic reprogramming. Cell. Signal. 127, 111531 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111531"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medzikovic, L. , et al. Myocardial fibrosis and calcification are attenuated by microRNA-129-5p targeting Asporin and Sox9 in cardiac fibroblasts. JCI Insight 8, e168655 (2023).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.168655"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2021-0257OC"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez-Silva, C. et al. Circulating Protein and Metabolite Correlates of Histologically Confirmed Diabetic Kidney Disease. Kidney Med. 6, 100920 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2024.100920"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sas, K. M. et al. Targeted Lipidomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Dysregulated Renal Ceramide Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J. Proteomics Bioinform. Suppl 14, 002 (2015).","DOI":"10.4172\/jpb.S14-002"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.80","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molecular imaging of the kidney in lupus nephritis to characterize response to treatment","volume":"182","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Res. J. Lab. Clin. Med"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J.-D. et al. Association between serum neurofilament light chain levels and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional population-based study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014 cycle). Ren. Fail. 46, 2427178 (2024).","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2427178"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01649-6","article-title":"Associations between neurofilament light-chain protein, brain structure, and chronic kidney disease","volume":"91","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res"},{"key":"2026020606475188000_2025.12.03.692205v2.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-024-01020-z"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2025.12.03.692205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T14:48:02Z","timestamp":1770389282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2025.12.03.692205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":83,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2025.12.03.692205","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}