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We performed a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study of EBV DNA positivity (N=617,186), identifying 39 susceptibility risk loci that significantly overlapped with MS risk genes (p=1.3\u00d710\n                  <jats:sup>-12<\/jats:sup>\n                  ). Using our single-cell method for EBV detection, we identified 1,069 EBV-infected B cells across 38 individuals. EBV was predominantly in the latent phase and B cell receptor analysis revealed that memory B cell differentiation is altered by infection. Notably, EBV-infected switched memory and atypical B cells upregulated cytokines and costimulatory signals that influence T cell activation, and B cell signaling pathway. Finally, EBV-infected memory B cells upregulated risk genes from both the EBV and MS, suggesting that EBV-infected B cells link T cell modulation to activation of MS susceptibility pathways. These findings define a genetically driven immunologic mechanism underlying MS.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.11.25342083","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T23:45:14Z","timestamp":1765842314000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Genetically Driven Immunologic Mechanism Underlying the Link between EBV and Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9872-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Yasumizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namkwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, 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