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During placodal invagination, the OP also produces migratory neurons, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons, somatostatin-expressing neurons, Prokineticin Receptor 2 (Prokr2) pioneer\/terminal nerve (TN) neurons, which are thought to initiate olfactory bulb development. Despite decades of research, the genetic lineage and molecular identity of OP-derived neuronal types remain under investigation. GnRH-1 neurons play essential roles in reproduction and chemodetection but appear genetically distinct from olfactory and vomeronasal chemosensory neurons. The Golgi-associated olfactory signaling regulator Goofy\/Gfy is broadly expressed across the placode-derived nasal chemosensory neurons. To determine whether its expression is specific to nasal chemosensory neurons or it is a shared genetic feature across OP derivatives we characterized Gfy expression and lineage at embryonic and postnatal stages. Our results confirm broad Gfy expression in developing chemosensory neurons and subsets of olfactory pioneer\/TN neurons. However, we found that while Gfy was not expressed in GnRH-1 neurons while migrating, analysis at late development and postnatal stages, revealed the existence of Gfy-traced neuronal populations in the basal forebrain, some of which also express GnRH. These findings uncover previously unrecognized genetic heterogeneity among migratory nasal neurons and reinforce previous studies suggesting the existence of additional neurons with nasal origin in the brain. In addition to this, analysis of Gfy expression along the developmental trajectory of vomeronasal sensory neurons at postnatal stages revealed intriguing differences in the developmental dynamics across the two main types of vomeronasal sensory neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.17.694945","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T04:50:53Z","timestamp":1766206253000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Goofy\/123Cre Lineage Tracing Differentiates Olfactory and Vomeronasal Neurons from GnRH-1 and Terminal Nerve Neurons During Neuronal Migration and Reveals Additional Olfactory Placode-Derived Cells in the Brain"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6636-1170","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Enrico","family":"Amato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for Neuroscience Research, The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9417-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia V.","family":"Call","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for Neuroscience Research, The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5352-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah M.","family":"LeFever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for Neuroscience Research, The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0232-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mya","family":"Aviles-Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for Neuroscience Research, The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8500-9079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikki M.","family":"Dolphin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for Neuroscience Research, The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6547-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo E.","family":"Forni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for Neuroscience Research, The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026031708000951000_2025.12.17.694945v4.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14657"},{"key":"2026031708000951000_2025.12.17.694945v4.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70021","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.70021","article-title":"Tracing Early Migratory Neurons in the Developing Nose Using Contactin-2 (Cntn2) CreERT2","volume":"63","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"2026031708000951000_2025.12.17.694945v4.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25599"},{"key":"2026031708000951000_2025.12.17.694945v4.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amato, E. , Semon, A. 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