{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T13:22:47Z","timestamp":1767187367552,"version":"3.48.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"group-title":"Neurology","reference-count":48,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Epilepsy diagnosis and treatment monitoring are hindered by the episodic, heterogeneous expression of seizures and by normal-appearing scalp EEG in many patients. We previously described paroxysmal slow-wave events (PSWEs)\u2014brief epochs of broadband slowing detectable on EEG. Here, using intracerebral and epidural recordings in a paraoxon rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy, we show that PSWEs arise preferentially in temporo\u2013frontal networks, co-occur with global slowing, and increase during both spontaneous and pharmacologically induced seizures.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Epidurally recorded PSWEs were temporally coupled to deep temporal discharges and were bidirectionally modulated by GABAergic agents (increased with pentylenetetrazol and decreased with pentobarbital).<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>In long-term video-EEG monitoring (LTM) patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, simultaneous stereo-EEG and scalp EEG showed that scalp PSWEs mirrored hippocampal spike-and-wave activity and were more often observed in the preictal and ictal periods than during interictal baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>These data indicate that surface PSWEs can index remote epileptiform activity and support their use as a quantitative, noninvasive biomarker for detecting EEG-silent deep foci and for pharmacodynamic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.22.25342212","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:55:14Z","timestamp":1767009314000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paroxysmal Slow Waves Mark Ictal Networks"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0011-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florent J. 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