{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:05:07Z","timestamp":1782281107420,"version":"3.54.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":10,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","award":["R01NS134867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS134867"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  In Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), aggregation of alpha-synuclein (\u03b1-syn) contributes to neuronal dysfunction and death, particularly in dopaminergic neurons, driving disease progression. Several pathogenic point mutations have been identified in human \u03b1-syn such as\n                  <jats:italic>A30P, E46K, H50Q, G51D, A53T<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>A53E<\/jats:italic>\n                  that have been associated with PD. In this study, a sandwich ELISA assay was developed to quantify total \u03b1-syn levels in various\n                  <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                  genotypes expressing\n                  <jats:italic>A30P, E46K, G51D and A53T<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Using this approach, we compared \u03b1-syn levels across wild-type (WT) and mutant forms of the protein. The\n                  <jats:italic>E46K<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>A53T<\/jats:italic>\n                  mutations exhibited higher total \u03b1-syn concentrations compared to WT and the\n                  <jats:italic>G51D<\/jats:italic>\n                  mutation. In addition to characterizing mutationdependent differences in \u03b1-syn levels, this assay was applied to evaluate smallmolecule modulators that inhibit \u03b1-syn aggregation. These findings demonstrate that the ELISA-based approach provides a useful platform for quantifying \u03b1-syn and assessing potential therapeutic compounds targeting \u03b1syn pathology.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.07.698009","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T22:50:13Z","timestamp":1767826213000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protocol for using an ELISA to detect total \u03b1-synuclein levels in\n                  <i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>\n                  lines expressing human \u03b1-synuclein point mutations"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4324-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Sciortino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas San Antonio Health Science Center, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9112-2085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Velazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas San Antonio Health Science Center, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8131-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haven","family":"Tillmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas San Antonio Health Science Center, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8749-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swati","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas San Antonio Health Science Center, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas San Antonio Health Science Center, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Perry and Ruby Stevens Parkinson\u2019s Disease Center of Excellence, University of Texas San Antonio Health Science Center, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026051911151817000_2026.01.07.698009v3.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05672-9"},{"key":"2026051911151817000_2026.01.07.698009v3.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041645"},{"key":"2026051911151817000_2026.01.07.698009v3.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/207694"},{"key":"2026051911151817000_2026.01.07.698009v3.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00030-2"},{"issue":"10291","key":"2026051911151817000_2026.01.07.698009v3.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"397","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026051911151817000_2026.01.07.698009v3.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28534"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051911151817000_2026.01.07.698009v3.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2019.03.001","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein misfolding and aggregation: Implications in Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"1867","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics"},{"key":"2026051911151817000_2026.01.07.698009v3.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.598607"},{"key":"2026051911151817000_2026.01.07.698009v3.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00159"},{"key":"2026051911151817000_2026.01.07.698009v3.10","unstructured":"Chyb S , Gompel N. Atlas of Drosophila Morphology: Wild-type and Classical Mutants. London_; Waltham, MA: Academic Press; 2013."}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.01.07.698009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:15:28Z","timestamp":1782278128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.01.07.698009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":10,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.01.07.698009","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2026.104576","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}