{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:46:12Z","timestamp":1791909972549,"version":"4.3.4"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":66,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["1R01DA060744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DA060744"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The dynamical state of cortical neural activity constrains the complexity of functions it can perform. A marginally stable dynamical state - called criticality - is thought to be beneficial for brain functions that require multiple time scales, broad dynamic range, and large information storage and transmission. A growing body of evidence suggests that criticality is a feature of healthy brain dynamics, but breaks down in certain brain disorders. Here we ask whether Parkinson\u2019s disease incurs deviation from criticality compared to healthy controls. We analyze human resting state EEG activity in primary motor cortex. Parkinson\u2019s patients exhibit prominent oscillatory brain activity in multiple frequency bands (low delta and high theta) that is not present in controls. Surprisingly, we find that these emergent oscillations are close to criticality, i.e., amplitude fluctuations with approximate temporal scale invariance. We compare traditional signatures of criticality and more principled measurements of proximity to criticality using our new approach based on information theory using temporal renormalization group. Our new approach and traditional methods agree, demonstrating that critical dynamics are not always associated with healthy states; Parkinson\u2019s disease is associated with the emergence of near-critical oscillations in motor cortex.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>New and Noteworthy<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brain function is thought to be optimal near critical states that border order and chaos. We investigate whether Parkinson\u2019s disease disrupts this balance like in other diseases and pathologies. In resting state EEG of motor cortex, we show that people with Parkinson\u2019s have rhythmic activity near the critical state. We show that critical dynamics can accompany disease, suggesting that being closer to criticality is not always a sign of healthy brain function.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.09.698590","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T01:45:12Z","timestamp":1768095912000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emergent critical oscillations in motor cortex of Parkinson\u2019s patients"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3279-8240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Ly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Ave, Richmond, 23284-2014, VA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Sam","family":"Sooter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, AR, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea K.","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Department, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750156, Dallas, 75275-0156, TX, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2969-9997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Fontenele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0679-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woodrow L.","family":"Shew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, AR, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026101308501194000_2026.01.09.698590v4.1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Mne-bids: Organizing electrophysiological data into the bids format and facilitating their analysis","volume":"4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Open Source Software"},{"key":"2026101308501194000_2026.01.09.698590v4.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aristieta, A. , J.E. 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