{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T07:13:44Z","timestamp":1768720424034,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"group-title":"HIV\/AIDS","reference-count":10,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People with HIV (PWH) experience an increased burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), partly driven by chronic immune activation despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Tuberculosis (TB), a frequent co-infection, may leave persistent inflammatory sequelae even after cure, potentially accelerating hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Evidence on long-term cardiometabolic consequences of prior TB in virally suppressed PWH, particularly sex-specific effects, remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a pilot cross-sectional study of 318 PWH, we compared demographics, cardiovascular parameters, and a panel of circulating inflammatory biomarkers between those with and without a history of TB. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with TB history in the whole cohort and stratified by sex.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the 31 participants (9.7%) with prior TB, univariate analysis identified significant associations with older age, hypertension, longer ART duration, and elevated IL-6 and soluble ST2. Hypertension was strongly associated with TB history in females (OR 4.41, 95% CI: 3.41 (1.57, 7.41) p=0.003) but not males. In multivariate models adjusted for clinical variables, longer ART duration remained an independent correlate in the full cohort. Sex-stratified multivariate analysis revealed that lower IFN-\u03b3 was associated with TB history in males (AOR 0.99, p=0.048), while lower IL-5 was associated with TB history in females (AOR 0.99, p=0.042).<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A history of TB is associated with hypertension in PWH, particularly among females, and is linked to sex-specific differences in residual inflammatory pathways. These findings suggest that prior TB may contribute to cardiovascular risk in a sex-disparate manner, warranting further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.12.26343987","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T17:50:12Z","timestamp":1768499412000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-Dimorphic Associations of Prior Tuberculosis with Hypertension and Inflammatory Signature in People with HIV: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2541-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chintu Choolwe","family":"Simweene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5511-4472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick","family":"sibbenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joreen P.","family":"Povia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics, Livingstone Center for Prevention and Translational Science, Livingstone 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4376-5831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sepiso K.","family":"Masenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Science and Metabolic Diseases, Livingstone Center for Prevention and Translational Science, Livingstone 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026011708200605000_2026.01.12.26343987v1.1","unstructured":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2023 [Internet]. [cited 2025 Dec 19]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-programme-on-tuberculosis-and-lung-health\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026011708200605000_2026.01.12.26343987v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0000124","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000124","article-title":"Evaluation of kidney function among people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in Zambia","volume":"2","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026011708200605000_2026.01.12.26343987v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0380","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010380","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among ART-naive HIV patients in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria","volume":"97","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026011708200605000_2026.01.12.26343987v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.001"},{"key":"2026011708200605000_2026.01.12.26343987v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90"},{"key":"2026011708200605000_2026.01.12.26343987v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-012-0118-8"},{"key":"2026011708200605000_2026.01.12.26343987v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz058"},{"key":"2026011708200605000_2026.01.12.26343987v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000053730.47739.3C"},{"issue":"9349","key":"2026011708200605000_2026.01.12.26343987v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11911-8","article-title":"Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies","volume":"360","author":"Prospective Studies Collaboration","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"2026011708200605000_2026.01.12.26343987v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00042-10"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.01.12.26343987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T16:20:18Z","timestamp":1768666818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.01.12.26343987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"references-count":10,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.01.12.26343987","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}