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In this configuration, nIR fluorescence is routed through a single-mode optical fiber before detection by a photomultiplier tube. This fiber coupling offers two advantages: first, the optical fiber functions as a pinhole aperture, allowing for improved optical sectioning of the nIR signal; second, it minimizes nIR background fluorescence. To validate the effectiveness of this design, we conducted two sets of experiments. First, we compare two fluorescence indicators of the neurotransmitter dopamine: the genetically encoded indicator GRAB\n                  <jats:sub>DA<\/jats:sub>\n                  and single walled carbon nanotube based optical nanosensors (nIRCats). Although nIRCats exhibit lower affinity for dopamine than GRAB\n                  <jats:sub>DA<\/jats:sub>\n                  , this property allows for identification of high concentration release sites in the striatum. Second, we simultaneously imaged depolarization-induced calcium changes and dopamine release in the retina. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of integrating confocal nIR detection into a two-photon platform for simultaneous functional imaging across complementary spectral channels.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.13.699388","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T02:50:28Z","timestamp":1768445428000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adapting a two-photon scanning microscope for simultaneous single-photon imaging of an infrared dopamine sensor"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0716-5632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Tarchick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 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Neuroscience and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720"},{"name":"California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720"},{"name":"Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0959-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natsumi","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 6180"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marla B.","family":"Feller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Helen Wills Neuroscience 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