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Our understanding of EBV infection biology is hindered by a lack of models that capture infected B cell activity in the lymphoid tissue microenvironment. We therefore developed an EBV human tonsil organoid model to evaluate key B cell states and antiviral responses, including after primary infection. EBV promoted B cell differentiation into germinal center (GC)-like phenotypes and transcriptomic analyses highlighted numerous B cell transcriptional programs unique to EBV-infected cells. B cell receptor repertoire analysis revealed that most EBV-infected B cells underwent class switching but only rarely participated in somatic hypermutation. CD4 T cells, highly activated by organoid infection, limited EBV\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  B cell outgrowth. Our findings demonstrate human tonsil organoids as a physiologically relevant model to investigate key aspects of EBV immunity and pathogenesis.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.15.699764","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T05:40:20Z","timestamp":1768542020000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A tonsil organoid model reveals Epstein-Barr virus infected germinal center B cell states during primary infection"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Mahina Tabassum","family":"Mitul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, and Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhe","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mass General Brigham Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 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