{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T22:49:41Z","timestamp":1770418181158,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"group-title":"Physiology","reference-count":55,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["DK136772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK136772"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["DK091538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK091538"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AG069781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG069781"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["P30 AG013319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG013319"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["P30 AG044271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG044271"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["T32 DK007293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DK007293"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["T32 HL166142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL166142"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["P30 CA77598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA77598"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The acceleration of hepatic lipid disposal during acute exercise has been proposed as a contributor to the anti-steatotic effects of exercise training. Ketogenesis, which produces acetoacetate (AcAc) and \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (\u03b2OHB) from fatty acids, is among the lipid disposal pathways stimulated by exercise. This study tested the hypothesis that hepatic ketogenesis is necessary for exercise training to lower liver lipids. Liver-specific 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 knockout (HMGCS2 KO) mice and wild type (WT) littermates underwent sedentary, acute exercise, and exercise training protocols. Liver ketone bodies and lipids were determined via mass spectrometry platforms. Stable isotope infusions in conscious, unrestrained mice defined mitochondrial oxidative fluxes at rest and during exercise. Loss of hepatic HMGCS2 decreased liver AcAc and \u03b2OHB concentrations and impaired their increase during exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Liver triacylglycerides (TAGs) were comparable between genotypes at rest (i.e., ad libitum fed and short fasted conditions). In contrast, liver TAGs were elevated in HMGCS2 KO mice following acute, non-exhaustive exercise. Liver TCA cycle flux was higher in KO mice at rest. During exercise, TCA cycle flux increased in both WT and KO mice but was not different between genotypes with greater exercise duration. This suggests that enhanced disposal of lipids via the TCA cycle may prevent liver lipid accumulation in HMGCS2 KO mice under sedentary conditions, but not during exercise. Unexpectedly, exercise training decreased liver TAGs similarly in both HMGCS2 KO and WT mice. In conclusion, hepatic ketogenesis supports liver lipid homeostasis during acute exercise, but is not required for exercise training to lower liver lipids.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exercise training has been proposed to mitigate liver steatosis partly through enhanced hepatic lipid disposal. During acute exercise, the disposal of fatty acids to ketone bodies is stimulated. This study tested the hypothesis that hepatic ketogenesis was required for exercise training to reduce liver fat in mice. The results show that hepatic ketogenesis is needed to prevent lipid accumulation during acute exercise, but is not necessary for exercise training to lower liver lipids.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.24.701392","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:22Z","timestamp":1769472022000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatic ketogenesis supports liver lipid homeostasis during acute exercise but is not required for exercise training to mitigate liver steatosis in mice"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Cha Mee","family":"Vang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres F.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of 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USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Queathem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianlin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Texas 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