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However, most existing models remain incomplete, context-specific, and difficult to extend to comprehensive GRNs, limiting their broader applicability to tasks such as drug-response prediction and precision medicine. Here, add some ideas about virtual twins: With AML patients, we can use comprehensive GRNs to predict drug response. We present KGBN (Knowledge Graph\u2013augmented Boolean Network modeling), a computational workflow for systematically augmenting logical GRN models. KGBN incorporates regulatory interactions derived from curated knowledge graphs as alternative logical rules while preserving the validated structure of existing models. Rule probabilities are optimized against experimental data to represent regulatory uncertainty and achieve data-driven calibration. Applying KGBN to acute myeloid leukemia, we show that extending an existing GRN with drug-target pathways and training against\n                  <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  drug-response data yields mutation-specific models that recapitulate known therapeutic sensitivities and signaling dependencies, demonstrating the utility of KGBN for interpretable, context-aware GRN modeling. (Should be predict)\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.29.702644","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T21:25:13Z","timestamp":1769808313000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["KGBN: Augmenting and optimizing logical gene regulatory networks using knowledge graphs"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5284-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luna Xingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, 98109, WA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Medical Education and Biomedical Informatics, University of Washington, 1410 NE Campus Pkwy, 98195, WA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6533-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, 98109, WA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9840-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, 98109, WA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tazein","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, 98109, WA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8254-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John H","family":"Gennari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education and Biomedical Informatics, University of Washington, 1410 NE Campus Pkwy, 98195, WA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8836-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangrong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, 98109, WA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026060101001581000_2026.01.29.702644v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2503"},{"key":"2026060101001581000_2026.01.29.702644v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3885"},{"key":"2026060101001581000_2026.01.29.702644v2.3","first-page":"94","article-title":"Logical Modeling and Dynamical Analysis of Cellular Networks","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Genetics"},{"key":"2026060101001581000_2026.01.29.702644v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811X-11-43"},{"key":"2026060101001581000_2026.01.29.702644v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.06.035","article-title":"Boolean modelling as a logic-based dynamic approach in systems medicine","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal"},{"key":"2026060101001581000_2026.01.29.702644v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt243"},{"key":"2026060101001581000_2026.01.29.702644v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11020117","article-title":"Integrating Patient-Specific Information into Logic Models of Complex Diseases: Application to Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Personalized Medicine"},{"key":"2026060101001581000_2026.01.29.702644v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wooten, D. 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