{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:28:14Z","timestamp":1790105294831,"version":"4.0.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"group-title":"HIV\/AIDS","reference-count":37,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is no readily accessible, scalable cure for HIV infection. Trials of HIV-specific broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) demonstrate inhibition of viral replication and reduction of the reservoir of latently-infected cells, potentially offering new strategies for HIV eradication. Animal and human studies suggest bNAbs have multiple activities, including a direct antiviral action and a secondary induction of T cell responses, the \u2018vaccinal effect\u2019. The RIO trial assessed HIV-specific cell-mediated immunity after dosing with two long-acting bNAbs (10-1074-LS and 3BNC117-LS) in people treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) since early stage HIV followed by treatment interruption. BNAbs resulted in sustained viral suppression with 75% of participants controlling off ART after 20 weeks. Here we show that HIV-specific T cell immunity was enhanced for at least 36 weeks after bNAbs in aviraemic participants. Gag-specific T cell immune responses predicted virological outcomes. Baseline CD8+ AIM responses predicted longer times to rebound; baseline CD8+ proliferative responses were additionally protective in participants without baseline bNAb resistance mutations. Baseline ELISpot responses were associated with faster rebound. These data highlight the complex interplay between bNAbs and T cells, identify a post-bNAb protective T cell-driven vaccinal effect, and reinforce the role of immune-based interventions as part of HIV cure strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.02.26345374","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:10:14Z","timestamp":1770163814000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["T cell immunity predicts clinical outcomes on stopping antiretroviral treatment after HIV-specific broadly neutralising antibody therapy"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Altaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, 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