{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:09:35Z","timestamp":1790262575595,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"group-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","reference-count":51,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bullying is an adverse childhood experience affecting up to one-third of the global population and linked to psychosis-like experiences (PLEs), which increase the risk of psychotic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the association between the severity and persistence of bullying and PLEs, including non-paranoid, hallucination-like experiences and their distress, and whether multiscale brain functional network connectivity (msFNC) mediates the pathway from bullying to PLEs.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used data from the ABCD Study, a large, multisite, population-based prospective cohort study following U.S. adolescents. We included adolescents with complete bullying and PLEs assessments at the 2- and 3-year follow-ups (T1: n=10,939, 47% females; T2: n=10,102). We examined the associations between bullying severity and temporal exposure and PLEs using linear mixed-effects models. In a 2-year resting-state fMRI subsample (n=5,280), we used a Neuromark framework to analyze whether msFNC statistically mediated the pathway from bullying to PLEs.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher PLEs were associated with the presence and severity of bullying (non-bullied vs. mild bullying: d=-0.24, CI:-0.30 to \u22120.19, p&lt;0.0001; moderate vs. severe bullying: d=-0.62, CI:-0.69 to \u22120.56, p&lt;0.0001). When bullying ceased, PLEs returned to non-bullied levels, whereas persistence over two years led to greater elevations (d=-0.36, CI:-0.43 to \u22120.29, p&lt;0.0001), with similar patterns for non-paranoid and hallucination-like experiences and their distress. msFNC in paralimbic, default-mode, central executive, somatomotor, temporoparietal, insulotemporal, and frontal networks statistically mediated the association.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bullying is time- and dose-dependently associated with PLEs. msFNC may provide convergent evidence for distributed neurobiological correlates of the association between bullying exposure and PLEs.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.04.26345538","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T17:45:20Z","timestamp":1770313520000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bullying, Psychosis-Like Experiences, and Functional Network Connectivity in Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7322-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Andr\u00e9s Camaz\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0217-3163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram","family":"Ballem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1591-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zening","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9058-0747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vince","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7525-5185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godfrey D.","family":"Pearlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3382-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celso","family":"Arango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz. 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