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MS develops almost exclusively in individuals previously infected with Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV)\n                  <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                  , yet the mechanisms linking EBV infection to MS pathogenesis remain incompletely defined. Here we characterized EBV-infected B cells in MS and demonstrated that EBV directly infects autoreactive anti-CNS antigen B cells and reprograms them into pro-inflammatory antigen-presenting cells (APCs). EBV\u207a B cells in MS were enriched within the CD27\u207aCD21\n                  <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                  memory B-cell subset and exhibited upregulated B cell activation and APC transcriptional programs. Recombinant antibodies derived from MS blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) EBV\u207a B cells bound brain tissue, and several cross-bound both MS-associated autoantigens and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1).\n                  <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  , EBV\u207a B cells functioned as APCs that stimulated T peripheral helper cells, with associated activation of EBV\u207b anti-CNS antigen B cells. Collectively, these findings support a mechanistic framework in which EBV infects and transcriptionally reprograms autoreactive anti-CNS antigen B cells into APCs that drive pathogenic anti-CNS antigen T cell and EBV\n                  <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  B cell responses in MS.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.11.701910","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T02:36:23Z","timestamp":1770950183000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["EBV reprograms autoreactive anti-CNS B cells as antigen presenting cells in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4319-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shady","family":"Younis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United 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