{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:35:23Z","timestamp":1787589323067,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"group-title":"Addiction Medicine","reference-count":66,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a major public health problem, with few effective medications and suboptimal adherence. L-type calcium channel blockers (LTCCBs) have genetic and preclinical support as potential treatments for AUD. We evaluated whether brain penetrant (BP)-LTCCBs are associated with reduced alcohol consumption by conducting two preregistered (\n                  <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/huawv\">https:\/\/osf.io\/huawv<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  ) observational cohort studies using electronic health records (EHRs) from the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). New users of BP-LTCCBs (nifedipine or felodipine) were compared with new users of a non-BP-LTCCB (amlodipine) and with unexposed patients sampled from the same clinics, following a 180-day washout and requiring at least 60 days\u2019 supply. Propensity score matching was conducted separately for BP-LTCCB versus unexposed, non-BP-LTCCB versus unexposed, and BP-versus non-BP-LTCCB. The primary outcome was change in drinks per week from the most recent pre-index screen to end of follow-up, estimated using difference-in-differences (DiD) models. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted by AUD diagnosis, baseline drinking level, and sex. Across both health systems, BP-LTCCB initiation was not associated with greater reductions in drinks per week than either comparator, with broadly consistent findings across all subgroups. In two large, preregistered EHR-based cohorts with rigorous confounding control, BP-LTCCBs were not associated with reduced drinking relative to comparators. Despite compelling genetic and preclinical evidence, these results do not support repurposing BP-LTCCBs for AUD, highlighting the need to prioritize alternative pharmacologic targets, potentially within etiologically informed subgroups.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.23.26346644","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T15:35:12Z","timestamp":1772465712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Brain penetrant calcium channel blockers do not reduce alcohol consumption: Converging results from two large independent cohort studies using electronic health records"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1408-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Rentsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States"},{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa A.","family":"Palzes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Addiction and Mental Health Research, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Setzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha G.","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea H.","family":"Kline-Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Addiction and Mental Health Research, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Piserchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Winterlind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Leggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States"},{"name":"Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States"},{"name":"Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Vincent","family":"Lo Re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Fiellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Tazare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Farokhnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Addiction and Mental Health Research, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 18th Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States"},{"name":"Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. 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