{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T06:42:56Z","timestamp":1772952176710,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"group-title":"Cell Biology","reference-count":95,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P20GM139759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM139759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01MH119000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH119000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2R01NS065957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01NS065957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2R01DA032444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01DA032444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Increased lysosomal stress responses (LSR) are commonly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 causes LSR, increases levels of ferrous iron (Fe\n                  <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                  ) in the cytosol and in mitochondria, disrupts the reactive species interactome (RSI), and increases neural cell death. Here, we report that TRPML1, an endolysosome redox-sensitive cation channel, is mechanistically involved in gp120-induced neurotoxicity. TRPML1 was activated by gp120-induced increases in cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resulted in release of Fe\n                  <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                  from endolysosomes in levels sufficient to increase cytosolic levels of Fe\n                  <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                  and ROS as well as decrease levels of hydrogen sulfide (H\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  S). Reduced glutathione normally buffers intracellular Fe\n                  <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                  , but gp120 decreased endolysosome glutathione levels and disrupted this regulatory control mechanism thereby promoting TRPML1-mediated Fe\n                  <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                  efflux from endolysosomes. TRPML1 redox activation led to changes to the RSI in endolysosomes including increased ROS, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and sulfane sulfur as well as decreased H\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  S. These changes were accompanied by increased cysteine oxidation of luminal proteins and endolysosome deacidification. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPML1 or knocking down expression levels of TRPML prevented these effects. Thus, our findings suggest that TRPML1 redox activation controls gp120-induced endolysosome dysfunction and iron\/redox imbalance, and further implicates TRPML1 in the pathogenesis of HAND.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.02.709165","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T08:56:05Z","timestamp":1772700965000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HIV-1 gp120-induced lysosomal stress responses are controlled by TRPML1 redox sensors"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Nirmal","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58203, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Braelyn","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2026030710402168000_2026.03.02.709165v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199911000-00005","article-title":"Early Entry and Widespread Cellular Involvement of HIV-1 DNA in Brains of HIV-1 Positive Asymptomatic Individuals","volume":"58","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026030710402168000_2026.03.02.709165v1.2","first-page":"146","article-title":"Neuropathology and neurodegeneration in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 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